Transcript Slide 1

Energy Savings &
Efficiency Workshop
Faith Communities
Portland, ME
April 26, 2009
Workshop Objectives
Learn…
• how to conduct a basic energy assessment
• about energy, basic building structures and mechanical
systems
• how to gather and interpret data to measure energy use
• simple, cost-effective ways to save energy
Faith Community Energy Assessment
Top 4 Priorities
• Heating
• Insulation & Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting
Heating
• Overview of basic heating systems
• Determine building/heating efficiency (2 calculations)
– Calculating efficiency of heating system
– Calculating rate of heating fuel use
– Assessing building occupancy patterns
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective solutions
Overview of basic heating systems
Boiler
• Distributes heat via
hot water or steam
• Delivers heat to
–
–
–
–
Radiators
Hot water baseboard
Cast iron
In floor radiant
• Oil or gas fired
• Typically used in halls
and offices
Furnace
• Distributes heat via
hot air through ductwork
• Delivers heat to spaces
– Floor registers
– Ceiling registers
• Oil or gas fired
• Typically used in
sanctuaries
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating an estimate of
heating & building system efficiency
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating estimated building heating efficiency
Formula to calculate estimated building heating efficiency:
Annual Fuel Use (gallons)
Square Footage of Building
Determine building/heating efficiency
What the numbers mean
.1 to .25 :
efficient heating system & well insulated
building: little to no action needed
.25 to .5 :
investigate heating system efficiency &
insulation: likely action needed
.5 to .75 :
inefficient system or poor insulation: plan for
action
.75+:
ALERT! You’re heating the outdoors: take
action immediately!
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency:
Case #1: Church 21,000 SF
#2 Fuel Usage-2007-2008
1,500
1,000
500
0
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
2007
gal
429
736
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
2008
925
1,114
1,236
601
350
200
151
449
Boiler Fire Rate 7.9 gal/hr
6,000 gallons/ 21,000 SF =
0.29 gals/SF
Base board and hot air
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency:
Case #2: Church 5400 SF
#2 F u el Us ag e-2007-2008
600
400
200
0
Dec
J an
F eb
Mar
Apr
2007
g al 571
May
J un
J ul
Aug
S ep
Oc t
Nov
2008
199
224
242
284
244
Boiler Fire Rate 1.3 gal/hr
1,764 gallons/ 5,400 SF =
0.32 gals/SF
Base board
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency:
Case #3: Church 21,000 SF
Woodfords Cong Church
2005 Dec est.
2006 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total
gal
2,700
3,700
2,250
1,900
1,500
cost
$5,028
$7,058
$4,074
$3,585
$3,270
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,752
18,802
$1,749
$1,796
$3,629
$5,078
$35,268
Boiler Fire Rate 11-18 gal/hr
18,802 gallons/ 44,000 SF =
0.42 gals/SF
Baseboard Heating
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency:
Case #4: 13,000 SF
Boiler Fire Rate ? gal/hr
11,600 gallons/ 13,000 SF =
0.9 gals/SF
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger
•
$50 device to determine hours that oil heating unit fires over a
period of time (e.g., 1 week).
•
A counter activated by vibration (logs time when vibration active)
•
ENM Counting Instrument (unit shown below is an ENM T54C1)
available at
www.enmco.com
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger
Place counter on the burner and the device will log
the hours that the burner is firing
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger
To calculate gallons of fuel used in a week:
Number hours logged X boiler firing rate
NOTE: ‘number of hours logged’ represents hours recorded by data logger device over a week
Determine building heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger: Determine Boiler Fire Rate
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger: Determine Boiler Fire Rate
Steam Boiler 11-18 GPH
(high/low firing rate)
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger: Determine Furnace Fire Rate
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger: Example
Number hours logged X boiler firing rate
Example:
– data logger records 35 hours over a seven day period
– boiler fires at a rate of 2 gallons per hour (gph)
35 hours x 2 gph = 70 gallons (over 7 days)
This tells us that :
– the boiler burns 10 gallons of fuel per day (70 gallons / 7 days)
– the boiler fires for 5 hours per day (10 gallons per day / 2 gph)
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger: tracking data in a spreadsheet
Data logger started
at 76.8 as it could
not be reset to “0”
Number hours logged X boiler firing rate
(example below: 26.6 X 5.8 = 154.3 gallons over 7 days)
ENM T54C1 Data Logger for Oil Fired Heating Unit
Boiler
Logger
Gallons
Avg
Fire Rate Fire Rate
Avg gals
Date
Days
Time
Reading
per
Temp for
in Hours
5.8
per day
hours
period
day (F)
gals/hr
10/9/2008
8:00 AM
76.8
0
5.8
0.0
10/10/2008
1
8:10 AM
78.2
1.4
5.8
8.1
8.1
54
10/14/2008
4
7:45 AM
84.5
6.3
5.8
36.5
9.1
50
10/15/2008
1
8:00 AM
86
1.5
5.8
8.7
8.7
52
10/16/2008
1
8:30 AM
87.4
1.4
5.8
8.1
8.1
52
10/17/2008
1
8:30 AM
88.5
1.1
5.8
6.4
6.4
53
10/20/2008
4
8:30 AM
93.6
5.1
5.8
29.6
7.4
56
10/21/2008
1
8:31 AM
95.6
2
5.8
11.6
11.6
54
10/22/2008
1
9:10 AM
97.5
3.9
5.8
22.6
22.6
39
10/23/2008
1
9:10 AM
99.5
3.9
5.8
22.6
22.6
30
Total
Total
Avg Gals
Total
Fire Rate
Gals
Burned
Days
in Hours
Burned Per Day
Total
15
26.6
154.3
10.3
Simple spread sheet to track heating fuel consumption
Note the two 4 day periods which represent weekends the average was the same as during the week
Manual thermostats not turned back for weekend
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use
Using a Data Logger: What do the numbers mean?
Data logger fuel rate calculation provides
baseline fuel use for a typical winter week or month
Excessive fuel use above this baseline calculation may indicate:
• Boiler or furnace is out of calibration
• Current manual thermostat was left on after a meeting
• Programmable thermostat not programmed correctly
• Excessive use of the faith community facility
• Outdoor temperature sensor (if installed) has failed
• A window or door has been left open
• Ceiling fans have been turned off
Also, helpful data for your boiler technician in
maintaining your boiler and ensuring optimal settings
Identify common issues and problems
Review occupancy rate over a 7 day week
Building Occupancy Rate
common example
Unoccupied
94%
Occupied
6%
Identify cost effective solutions
install programmable thermostats
• Replace manual thermostats with
digital
• Another upgrade? Install an
outdoor air temperature sensor to
control boiler (requires hiring a
heating technician)
Identify cost effective solutions
address air circulation
Airius Thermal Equalizers
• Installation of the units will help to
stabilize the temperature
– Peak ceiling temperature are 5
to 10 degrees warmer than the
floor.
• Available at Maine Green Building
Supply
Faith Community Energy Assessment
Top 4 Priorities
• Heating
• Insulation & Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting
Insulation & Building Envelope
• Determine efficiency of building envelope
– Calculate building/heating system efficiency (see
previous section)
– Inspect building
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Determine efficiency of building envelope
Inspect building for problem areas
Image adapted from http://www.energyauditgo.com/Work.html
Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building: doors and windows
Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building: attic access
Heat loss
Determine efficiency of building envelope
Inspect building for ice dams
Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building: sill plates
Masonry Foundation
Concrete Foundation
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Insulation Values
R-value = resistance to heat flow
The higher the R-value the better!
Building Space
heating system
gas/oil
heat
pump/electric
ceiling
wood frame wall
floor
R-38 to R-49
R-11 to R-22
R-25
basement/crawl
space
R-11 to R-19
R-49
R-11 to R-28
R-25
R-13 to R-19
Ducts in unheated spaces
basement/crawl
heating system
attic
space
gas/oil
R-6 to R-11
R-2 to R-11
heat pump/electric
R-6 to R-11
R-2 to R-11
Adapted from the US Dept of Energy 1997 Insulation Fact Sheet
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Building Insulation
R Value (avg)
Per inch
Fiber Glass batts
3.0
Rock Wool
3.0
Cellulose
3.0
Pertlite (loose fill)
2.5
Vermiculite (loose fill)
2.5
Polystyrene rigid board
4.0
Polyurethane (rigid boards)
6.0
Polyisocyanurae (rigid boards)
6.0
Urethane Foam (sprayed)
8.0
Type
Adapted from the US Dept of Energy 1997 Insulation Fact Sheet
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Sanctuary Ceiling R 1?
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Sanctuary R 38 Cellulose
Church Hall R 20
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Over 20 inches of blown in Cellulous
Building was a .2 gal/SF
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate: lighting
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate: sill plate
At a minimum insulate the sill plate
area to prevent cold air infiltration
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate:
install plastic film over single pane windows
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
install insulated doors (R12) in place of wooden doors (R1)
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
install vapor barrier in crawl space
Faith Community Energy Assessment
Top 4 Priorities
• Heating
• Insulation & Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting
Hot Water System
• Overview of hot water system
• Assessing hot water system
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Overview of Hot Water Systems
Typical hot water systems for congregations
• Electric hot water heater
– 40 gallons average size
– no external controls
• Boiler hot water coil
– boiler on 24/7 and/or
– electric for non heating
season
Overview of Hot Water Systems
Typical oil fired boiler with hot water coil
Hot water coil
Overview of Hot Water Systems
Newer systems - oil fired boiler with indirect hot water tank
Hot water to fixtures
Cold water in
Indirect
hot water
storage
tank with
coil
Boiler
Boiler hot water @
140ºF - 180ºF
circulates through
a coil immersed in
the indirect hot
water tank
transferring the
heat to the
domestic hot water
surrounding the
coil and returns to
the boiler to be
heated again.
Assessing hot water system
•
Determine what you make hot water for: typically congregations use hot
water for restrooms, kitchens and dishwasher
•
Determine how you make hot water: electric tank, boiler, etc…
•
Determine when you make hot water: days w/ highest demand
•
Determine how much hot water you make: use table below as a guide
(substitute units to match your congregation)
Typical Hot Water Demand
Fixture
Restroom sinks
Kitchen double sink
Dishwasher
Gallons
Year
4
5
20
104
2080
1
15
30
52
1560
1
15
30
52
1560
Estimated total gallons per year 5,200
Average days per year hot water is used
69
Average total gallons per day
75
Assume hot water is 40 % of water usage per day
30
Units
Gals per
minute
1
2
2
mins/day gals/day days/year
Identify common issues and problems
• Heater and pipes not insulated
• Hot water heater temperature set too high
• Water being heated when not in demand (heated 7 days
a week when only needed for 1 day)
• Water heater tied to heating system requiring boiler firing
during non heating season
• Constant hot water circulation
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
• Reduce hot water temperature. If hot water is for
general use (e.g., hand washing) reduce temperature to
120 degrees or less.
• Install a timer on your hot water tank:
– One congregation saved $700 in a year
– One congregation spent $150 on a timer and saw a 2 month pay
back
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
“7 Day” timer vs. 24 hour timer
www.tork.com
www.intermatic.com
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
On Demand Tankless Water Heaters
•
Heat water directly without the use of a storage tank
•
When hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels into the unit and
an electric element or gas fired coil heats the water. You only
consume energy when you open the faucet
•
No standby heat losses. Delivers a constant supply of hot water
•
Two types:
– Electric: provide approximately 2 gallons per minute
– Gas-fired: produce higher flow rates between 5 - 8 gallons per minute
•
Must have large domestic hot water demand to justify
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
On Demand Tankless Water Heaters
Gas fired: $1500- $2000
Electric: $200- $400
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
tank vs. tankless
Rinnai tankless provides
240+ gallons per hour
40 gallon electric tank provides
45 gallons per hour
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Small Electric Water Heaters
Ariston tankless water heaters
Ariston-Point-of-Use Water Heaters:
• 2.75 Gallons - GL2.5 : $199.36
• 3.85 Gallons - GL4 : $216.29
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
On Demand Tankless Water Heaters
under sink model
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Insulate hot water piping
Heat loss with
no insulation
Faith Community Energy Assessment
Top 4 Priorities
• Heating
• Insulation & Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting
Lighting
•
•
•
•
Overview of lighting
Assess lighting use and needs
Identify common issues and problems
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Overview of Lighting
• Fluorescent tube lighting:
– T12 =1 ½
– T8 = 1 inch
– T5 = <1 inch
T-5s
T-12
Note: If your fluorescent lighting has not been upgraded in the last 10
years then it is most likely T-12
• Incandescent lights: old fashioned light bulbs
• Compact fluorescent light bulbs
• Coming soon: LEDs!
Assess Use & Needs of Lighting
• Take inventory of lights
• Inventory should by type and by area (room, hallway,
sanctuary, meeting hall, etc.)
– Note: be mindful of minimum lighting requirements (e.g.
adequate lighting in stairwells)
• Assign hours per week that lights are on and determine
cost
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
• Turn off lights (and other equipment) when not in use.
• Adjust lighting levels to match needs. Remove un-needed lighting
& check current lighting levels against IES recommended levels.
• Make use of free day lighting where possible
• Use high reflectance ceiling tiles and light colors on walls,
partitions, and carpeting to carry daylight into interior space.
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
• Replace incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescents (CFLs)
wherever possible.
– CFLs only use only about half the energy, plus, they last 10-12
times as long, saving on replacement bulb cost and labor.
• Replace incandescent and fluorescent exit signs with light
emitting diodes (LEDs) or the latest solid-state technology.
– LEDs exit signs use about 1/10th the energy of an incandescent
bulb.
• Replace T-12 fluorescent fixtures with energy saving T-8
fixtures and electronic ballasts.
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
install occupancy sensors
• Install occupancy sensor switches
in seldom-occupied areas:
– Passive Infrared (PIR) which detects
body heat
– Ultrasonic (US) units which detects
body movement.
• Install controls on exterior lights.
• Install motion sensors, time clocks,
or photoelectric sensors on exterior
parking lots and security lighting.
Efficiency Maine Assistance
• Participants receive specified incentives for purchase of prequalified energy efficient equipment
• Prescriptive Incentives
– Lighting
– Motors
– HVAC
– Variable Frequency Drive for HVAC systems
• Project Pre-Approval IS REQUIRED for most prescriptive incentives
– Lighting & Refrigeration in excess of $1,000
– HVAC & Variable Frequency Drives
• Project Pre-Approval IS NOT REQUIRED for:
– Three-Phase Motors
– Agricultural Measures
Words of wisdom found in the attic of a old church built in the 1840’s.
Recent renovations to the structure in 2002
“In the year of the lord 2002,
May the original builder
forgive our affront to their craft”
Contact Information
AJ Ballard at 207-522-7927
Efficiency Maine Energy Consultant
[email protected]
Shirley Bartlett
Program Manager Efficiency Maine
207-287-3318
[email protected]
Harry Brown
Maine Interfaith Power and Light
(207) 721-0444
[email protected]
Alternative Energy for Faith Community Buildings???
Practical for large commercial applications, not smaller buildings
Cuba Naval Station
reduce 650,000 gallons diesel fuel
3.3 KW PV at Falmouth High School
(5 HP motor)
405,000 BTU’s for heat energy per day
(3 gals of fuel oil per day)