Transcript New England Colonies

New England Colonies
Chapter 3, Lesson 3
Religious Freedom
► The
next wave of colonist would be seeking
Religious Freedom.
 RECAP: England is a Protestant Nation thanks to
King Henry the VIII since 1534 forming the
Anglican Church.
 Not everyone was happy with the change in
religion.
► Many people dissented (disagree with the
practice and belief of) the Anglican Church.
 Still considered the pop the head of the church
and were often persecuted (treated harshly)
as a result.
Religious Freedom
► Some
Protestants wanted to reform the church
while others wanted to leave altogether.
 Puritans – Protestant who wanted to reform
the Anglican Church.
 Separatists –Those who wanted to leave and
set up their own churches.
► The separatists were persecuted in England and
fled to the Netherlands.
 Found religious freedom there but did not have
jobs.
 Also worried their children would lose their
English heritage (way of life).
The Pilgrim’s Journey
► Some
Separatists in the Netherland made an
arrangement with the Virginia Company.
 If they were allowed to settle in Virginia and
practice their religion freely, they would give the
company a share of any profits made.
► These Separatists considered themselves Pilgrims
because their journey had a religious purpose.
 Only 35 out of 102 passengers who boarded the
Mayflower in September of 1620 were Pilgrims.
 The rest were called “strangers” (How Polite!)
and consisted of common people such as
servants, craftspeople, and poor farmers.
► They all hoped to find a better life in the Americas.
The Mayflower Compact
The Pilgrims had planned to settle in the Virginia colony.
 They landed much further north at Cape Cod.
► It was November and winter was coming, so they decided
to drop anchor at Cape Cod Bay.
► William Bradford was their leader and historian.
► Before they went ashore they drafted a formal document
known as the Mayflower Compact where they:
 Pledged loyalty to England.
 Formed “a civil body politic, for our better ordering and
preservation.”
 Agreed to obey laws passed “for the general good of
the colony.”
► This was a necessary step for in the development of
representative government in America.
►
Help From the Native Americans
► Half
the pilgrims died of malnutrition, disease, and
cold during their first winter.
► In the Spring, Squanto and Samoset befriended
the colonists.
 Squanto was a Pawtuxet and was kidnapped to
Europe where he learned English.
 Showed the colonists how to grow corn, beans,
and pumpkins.
 Also showed them how to hunt and fish.
 It was almost assured that without their help
the pilgrims would not have survived.
Help From the Native Americans
► Squanto
and Samoset also helped create a treaty
with the Wampanoag people.
 Massasoit, a Wampanoag leader, signed a
treaty with the Pilgrims in March 1621.
► Later in the autumn of that same year they would
have a feast thanking God for surviving with the
Wampanoag (READ: Thanksgiving).
 50 Men, Women, Children, and 90 Wampanoag.
 Ate wild fowl (Duck and Turkey) and dear.
 Singing, dancing, and the Wampanoag showed
off their skill with the bow and arrow.
William Bradford
Squanto
Samoset
Massasoit
New Settlements
► In
1625 the English throne passed to Charles I.
► He objected to the reform on the Anglican Church
and began persecuting the Puritans again.
 Once again, the Puritans looked for a way to
leave England.
► In 1629, a group of Puritans formed the
Massachusetts Bay Company and received a royal
charter to establish a colony north of Plymouth.
 It gave them the opportunity to set up a new
society based on the Bible.
► The Colony chose John Winthrop to be the
colony’s governor since he was well educated.
New Settlements
► In
1630, Winthrop led 900 men, women and
children to Massachusetts Bay.
 They would end up settling in a place they
called Boston.
King Charles I
John Winthrop
Growth and Government
► During
the 1630’s, more than 15,000 Puritans
journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious
persecution.
 This movement became known as the Great
Migration.
► At first John Winthrop and his assistance made up
the colonies laws.
 Chosen by the General Court (made up of the
colony’s stockholders.
► In 1634, colonists demanded a larger role in
government.
 The general court became an elected assembly.
Growth and Government
► Adult
male church members were allowed to
vote for the governor and for their town’s
representatives to the General Court.
 Later on they would also have to own property
to vote.
► Even
though the Puritans had left England
for religious beliefs, they had little tolerance
for other religious views.
 This led to the creation of new colonies.
Connecticut and Rhode Island
► The
Connecticut River valley was much better off
for farming than Boston.
 Boston had very stony soil making it hard to
farm.
► Thomas Hooker – became dissatisfied with
Massachusetts.
 Did not like the way Winthrop ran the colony.
 Led people through the wilderness to
Connecticut where they founded Hartford.
 Three years later Hartford, Windsor, and
Wethersfield, agreed to form a colony.
Connecticut and Rhode Island
►
►
►
Adopted a plan of government known as the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
 First written Constitution in America.
 Detailed a Representative Government.
Meanwhile, Rhode Island was being settled by colonists
who were forced out of Massachusetts.
Roger Williams – First of the people kicked out of
Massachusetts.
 Minister who felt that people should not be persecuted
for their religious practices.
 Believed the government should not force people to
worship in a certain way.
 Did not agree with taking land away from the Native
Americans.
Connecticut and Rhode Island
► it
was because of these views that he was
banished in 1635.
► He moved in with the Narraganset people.
 They eventually sold him land, and he founded
the town of Providence.
► He would eventually receive a charter in 1644 for
a colony east of Connecticut called Rhode Island
and Providence Plantations.
 With its policy on religious toleration it became
a safe place for dissenters.
 First place in America where people of all faiths
worshipped freely.
Connecticut and Rhode Island
► Other
would follow in Williams example.
 John Wheelwright – Led a group of dissidents
from Massachusetts to the north in 1638 to set
up the town of Exeter, New Hampshire.
 Another group of Colonist did the same and
settled the town of Hampton.
► The Colony of New Hampshire became
independent of Massachusetts in 1679.
► For
Conflict With the Natives
a short time, the Colonists and the Native
Americans got along fine.
 Exchanged furs for iron pots, blankets, and guns.
 Virginia dealt mostly with the Powhatan
Confederacy.
 New England interacted with the Wampanoag,
Narragansett, and other groups.
► Conflict would arise however
 Colonists would move onto Native American land
without payment or permission.
 Colonists and Natives would end up competing
fiercely for the land.
► In
Conflict With the Natives
1636, war broke out between settlers and the
Pequot people.
 Two traders were killed in their territory and
Massachusetts sent troops in retaliation to
punish the Pequot.
 The Pequot than attacked a Connecticut town
killing 9 people.
 In May 1637, troops from Connecticut attacked
the main fort of the Pequot with assistance from
the Narraganset.
►The fort was burned killing hundreds.
Conflict With the Natives
►
►
►
In 1675, New England went to war against the
Wampanoag people and their allies.
 Metacomet, was known to the settlers as King Philip.
 He had hoped to stop Colonists from moving onto
Native American lands.
The War began after three Wampanoag's were executed
for murder.
 He attacked towns across the region, killing hundreds of
people.
The settlers and their Native American allies fought back.
 King Philip’s War, as the conflict was called, ended in
the defeat of the Wampanoag and their allies destroying
the power of the Natives allowing the colonists to
expand.
Thomas Hooker
Roger Williams
John
Wheelwright
Metacomet