Transcript Law III
Law III Chapter Two: The nature and extent of crime. The Nature and Extent of Crime: Pages 40 – 73 Key Terms Official Records Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Part I Crimes (Index Crimes) Part II Crimes Criminal Homicide Murder Manslaughter More Key Terms Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Larceny/Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Still going National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Victim Surveys National Crime Victimization Surveys Self-Report Surveys Brady Bill Instrumental Crimes And Going Instrumental Crimes Expressive Crimes Masculinity Hypothesis Chivalry Hypothesis Liberal Feminist Theory Career Criminals Chronic Offender Last One Three Strikes Law Official Records Source of crime data gathered from the records of a variety of sources including schools, courts, police departments, social service centers, and correctional agencies. Uniform Crime Report UCR The best known and most widely sited source of aggregate statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation from information provided by over 17,00 police departments. Part I Crimes Index Crimes Those crimes included in the UCR data collection effort. Criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny/theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson are included. Known offenses and arrests are reported. Part II Crimes All other crimes included in the UCR, except traffic violations. Arrest data only are reported. Criminal Homicide Part I crime category that includes all acts of murder, and non-negligent manslaughter as well as manslaughter by negligence. Acts of manslaughter are excluded from the crime index. Murder The willful killing of another. It excludes negligent killings, attempts to kill, suicides, accidents and justifiable homicides. Manslaughter Part I crime category that includes the killing of another through gross negligence. Traffic fatalities are excluded. Forcible Rape Part I category that involves the carnal knowledge of a female against her will. Robbery Part I crime category that involves the taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody, or control of another by force, threat of force, or by putting the person in fear. Aggravated Assault Part I crime category that involves the unlawful attack of another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. Act is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon. Simple assaults are excluded. Burglary Part I crime category that includes the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft. Attempted forcible entry is included. Larceny/Theft Part I crime category that includes the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another. Deceptive theft acts such as embezzlement, con games, forgery, and worthless checks are excluded. Motor Vehicle Theft Part I crime category that involves the theft or attempted theft of a propelled motor vehicle that funs on a surface and not on rails. Motorboats, construction equipment, airplanes and farming equipment are excluded. Arson Part I crime category that involves any willful or malicious act of burning or attempted burning of a dwelling, house, public building, motor vehicle, aircraft, or personal property of another. With or without the intent to defraud National Incident-Based Reporting System NIBRS A new form of crime data collection created by the FBI requiring police agencies to provide incident-level data on the event, victim, and offender, and arrest outcomes for 22 types of crime. Victim Surveys A source of crime data that involves asking crime victims about their encounters with criminals. National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS A large carefully drawn sample of citizens used to estimate the total number criminal incidents that occur every year in the U.S. It is conducted by the bureau of census in cooperation with the Bureau of Justice Statistics and is the most well known form of victim survey. Self-Report Surveys A source of crime data that involves questionnaires administered to groups designed to reveal information about their law violations. The Brady Bill The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act enacted into law on November 30th 1993. It imposed a five-day waiting period before a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer may sell, deliver, or transfer a handgun to an unlicensed individual. Instrumental Crimes Crimes perpetrated to obtain desired goods and services. Expressive Crimes Crimes committed by those living in poverty as a means for expressing rage. Masculinity Hypothesis The view that women who commit crime do so because they have biological or physiological traits similar to those of men. Chivalry Hypothesis Assertion that female offenders and defendants receive more lenient treatment from the criminal justice system due to society’s paternalistic or protective attitudes towards women. Liberal Feminist Theory An ideology that contends that women will suffer oppression, discrimination, and disadvantage as a result of their gender. M Calls for gender equality in society. Career Criminals The small group of offenders that account for a majority of all offenses. Chronic Offender The theory that states a person will continue crime for his/her lifetime. This title is given to a person after a fifth arrest. Three Strikes Law Justice Perspective sentencing codes that require that an adult receive a life sentence after being convicted of a third felony.