Laboratory Safety
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Transcript Laboratory Safety
A Few Safety Rules
Think through each step before beginning an
experiment
Identify possible hazards and take appropriate
measures to contain or minimize hazards (read labels)
If you don’t know what is going to happen and think
there may be a potential for danger
Stop!
Get help before proceeding or modify procedure to minimize
risk.
When using hazardous chemicals use secondary
containment and appropriate personal protection
Routes of Chemical Exposure
skin
ingestion
don’t pipette by mouth!
no food in the lab
wash before leaving the lab
inhalation
protective clothing
gloves
dust and vapors (use fume hood when either are present)
eyes
eye protection against splashing and vapors
Material Safety Data Sheets:
an information source
emergency
information
chemical
product and company identification
composition
hazards identification
appropriate
first
response to hazardous situations
aid measures
fire fighting measures
accidental release measures
Material Safety Data Sheets:
an information source
prevention of hazardous situations
handling and storage
exposure controls and personal protection
physical and chemical properties
stability and reactivity
miscellaneous
toxicological information
ecological information
disposal considerations
transportation information
regulatory information
Material Safety Data Sheets:
an example - Hydrochloric Acid
You’ve been asked to mix up a solution of 1N HCl
from concentrated hydrochloric acid. You would
like to know of any hazards associated with this
procedure.
You remember the safety rule and you think
through the steps of preparing the solution. You
realize that you’ve never opened a container of
concentrated HCl before. So you STOP! and get
some help.
Hydrochloric Acid:
Potential Health Effects
DANGER! CORROSIVE. CAUSES EYE AND
SKIN BURNS. CAUSES DIGESTIVE AND
RESPIRATORY TRACT BURNS.
Eye:
May cause irreversible eye injury. Vapor or mist may
cause irritation and severe burns. Contact with liquid is
corrosive to the eyes and causes severe burns.
Skin:
May be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts.
Contact with liquid is corrosive and causes severe burns
and ulceration.
Hydrochloric Acid:
Potential Health Effects
Ingestion:
Inhalation:
May cause circulatory system failure. Causes severe digestive tract
burns with abdominal pain, vomiting, and possible death. May
cause corrosion and permanent tissue destruction of the esophagus
and digestive tract.
Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing,
burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. May cause
pulmonary edema and severe respiratory disturbances.
Chronic:
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Repeated
exposure may cause erosion of teeth. May cause conjunctivitis and
photosensitization.
Hydrochloric Acid
Physical State:
Liquid
Appearance:
Clear, colorless to faintly yellow.
Odor:
Strong, pungent.
pH:
1.1 (0.1N sol).
danger!
Vapor Pressure:
160 mm Hg
Vapor Density:
1.257 (Air=1)
Evaporation Rate:
2.0 (Butyl acetate=1)
Viscosity:
Not available.
Boiling Point:
230_F
Freezing/Melting Point:
-101_F
Decomposition Temperature:3239.6_F
Solubility:
823g/L water at 32F.
Specific Gravity/Density: 1.19 (Water=1)
Molecular Formula:
HCl
Molecular Weight:
36.46
Hydrochloric Acid:
My Solution to the solution
Vapor
pressure is significant and vapor is
very corrosive
Liquid is very corrosive
Solution preparation should be done in a
fume hood with gloves, protective clothing,
and eye protection
MSDS Handling Procedures
HCl (Concentrated Hydrochloric acid)
Use with adequate ventilation.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Do not get on skin or in eyes.
Do not ingest or inhale.
NaCl (table salt)
Use with adequate ventilation.
Minimize dust generation and accumulation.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Do not ingest or inhale.
MSDS: Hazards Identification
NaCl
HCl
Warning! Causes eye irritation.
Poison! Danger! Corrosive. Liquid and mist cause severe
burns to all body tissue. May be fatal if swallowed or
inhaled. Inhalation may cause lung damage.
H2SO4
Poison! Danger! Corrosive. Liquid and mist cause severe
burns to all body tissue. May be fatal if swallowed or
contacted with skin. Harmful if inhaled. Affects teeth. Water
reactive. Cancer hazard. Strong inorganic acid mists
containing sulfuric acid can cause cancer.
MSDS: Summary
A good
source of information on safe
handling
May provide useful information on
physical-chemical properties
Provide first aid, fire fighting, and
accidental release measures
Can be used to obtain concentrations of
ingredients in proprietary solutions