Transcript 18 General oncology 2 pseudotumours precanceroses

General Pathology
Basic Principles
of Cellular and Organ
Pathology
Oncology - II
Jaroslava Dušková
Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague
General Oncology - 2
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Biology of the neoplastic growth
Precanceroses (& pseudotumours)
Classification of the neoplasms
Methods of tumour diagnostics
Neoplasm prognostification
Tumour
swelling of any kind
NEOPLASIA
NEOPLASIA
Def.:
persistent
abnormal
relatively autonomous
proliferation of cells
Neoplasia (Tumour)
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DNA disease:
Stepwise accumulation
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of genetic abnormalities
Escape of immunological
clearing systems
General Oncology - 2
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Biology of the neoplastic growth
Precanceroses (& pseudotumours)
Classification of the neoplasms
Methods of tumour diagnostics
Neoplasm prognostification
NEOPLASIA – classification
BEHAVIORAL
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benign
borderline
malignant
histological vs. clinical behaviour
NEOPLASIA – growth
benign
borderline
expansive
- locally
destructive
malignant
infiltrative
METASTASES
Metastasis
Def.:
development of secondary
tumour foci in the distant
places
Metastases - pathways
seeding (body cavities)
 lymphatic spread
 hematogenous spread
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NEOPLASIA – architecture
solid
glandular
papillary
cystopapillary
dissociated
NEOPLASIA – cytology
Benign
similar to nonneoplastic
Malignant cellular pleomorphism
NUCLEAR FEATURES:
hyperchromasia
(polyploidy, aneuploidy)
rough chromatine structure
irregular nuclear outline
large and/or multiple nucleoli
or undifferentiated monotonous cellularity
General Oncology - 2
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Biology of the neoplastic growth
Precanceroses (& pseudotumours)
Classification of the neoplasms
Methods of tumour diagnostics
Neoplasm prognostification
Pseudotumors
Definition:
- pathological lesions of
different etiology masquerading
real neoplasms
Pseudotumors
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cysts
pseudocysts
deposits of pathol. material
(gout, ganglion, amyloid)
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inflammatory pseudotumors
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(tuberculoma)
hyperplasia (esp. nodular)
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embryonal development disturbance
(choristia, hamarcia)
Hamartia – Hamartoma
Def.:
A mass of disorganized tissue indigenous
to the particular site.
Precanceroses
(preblastomatoses)
Definition:
- pathological conditions of
various etiology bearing
inscreased risk of malignancy
development
Nonneoplastic
Growth Disturbances – II
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repair
hypertrophy / atrophy
hyperplasia
metaplasia
dysplasia
anaplasia – undifferentiation
Precanceroses
(preblastomatoses)
most pseudotumorous
processes with dysplasia
features
 dysplastic and metaplastic
lesions looking not like tumours
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(SIL, intest. metaplasia)
PSEUDOTUMORS and
PRECANCEROSES (preblastomatoses)
precanceroses
pseudotumors
Diagnosis
early
less complicated therapy
pseudotumors
– clinical
– morphological
precanceroses
– screening
– morphological
General Oncology - 2
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Biology of the neoplastic growth
Precanceroses (& pseudotumours)
Classification of the neoplasms
Methods of tumour diagnostics
Neoplasm prognostification
NEOPLASIA – classification
HISTOGENETIC
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mesenchymal
epithelial
neuroectodermal
mixed, teratoma
choriocarcinoma
mesotelioma
General Oncology - 2
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Biology of the neoplastic growth
Precanceroses (& pseudotumours)
Classification of the neoplasms
Methods of tumour diagnostics
Neoplasm prognostification
Methods of tumour diagnostics
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Clinical symptoms – history
imaging techniques, laboratory tests
morphology
– cytology & histology & autopsy
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Symptomles precanceroses / tumours –
screening – e.g. Hemocult, Pap-test
– histology incl. special staining methods
– immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy
– genetic analysis
Malignant Tumour
TYPING
ICD-O
GRADING G1 G2 G3
STAGING pT pN pM
Tumour -Noduli-Metastases
General Oncology - 2
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Biology of the neoplastic growth
Precanceroses (& pseudotumours)
Classification of the neoplasms
Methods of tumour diagnostics
Neoplasm prognostification
Malignant Tumour
TYPING
ICD-O
GRADING G1 G2 G3
STAGING pT pN pM
Tumour -Noduli-Metastases