Transcript Chapter 15 Toward Civil War (1840

Chapter 15 Toward Civil War
(1840-1861)
Section 4 Secession and War
Rate your agreement with the following
statement: States should be allowed to
leave the Union if they disagree with the
policies of the federal government.
A
D. Strongly disagree
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D
C. Somewhat disagree
A
B
C
D
C
B. Somewhat agree
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
A. Strongly agree
What role did the theory of states’
rights play in the outbreak of the
Civil War?
Election of 1860
• The issue of slavery split the
Democratic Party
• Northern Democrats
nominated Stephen Douglas
• Southern Democrats
(vowed to uphold slavery)
nominated John C.
Breckinridge
• Moderates formed the
Constitutional Union Party
and nominated John Bell
• The Constitutional Union
Party took no position on
slavery
• The Republicans nominated
Abraham Lincoln
Election of 1860 Continued
• The Republicans’ platform
was that slavery should be
left undisturbed where it
existed, but…
• Slavery should be excluded
from the territories
• Many Southerners feared a
Republican victory would
encourage slave revolts
• The Democrats were divided
and Lincoln won a clear
majority of electoral votes
• The vote went along
sectional lines
• Lincoln’s name did not even
appear on the ballot of many
Southern states
• Lincoln won every Northern
state
Which was included in the platform of the
Republican Party in the election of 1860?
A. The question of slavery should
be decided by popular sovereignty.
B. In a free society, the minority had
the right to break up the government.
D.
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A. A
Slavery should be left where it
B. B
existed but be excluded from
the territories.
C. C
The Missouri Compromise should be reinstated.
D. D
Attempt at Compromise
• The Republicans promised
not to disturb slavery where
it existed
• Many Southerners did not
trust the Republican Party to
protect their rights
• December 20, 1860- South
Carolina seceded
• Other states debated
secession
• US leaders worked for a
compromise
Attempt at Compromise Continued
• Kentucky Senator John
Crittenden proposed
Constitutional Amendments
to protect slavery in
territories below 36°30'
north
• Republicans rejected the
provision
• They just won on the
principle that slavery would
not extend in any territories
• Lincoln wrote “the
government shall be
broken up unless we
surrender to those we have
beaten”
• Leaders in the South
responded “We spit upon
every plan to compromise”
• One Southern leader said
“No human power can save
the Union”
An anti-Republican cartoon from early 1861 shows supporters of the Crittenden
Compromise forcing the "constitutional" remedy down the throat of the uncooperative
Republican who is still clutching the Republican Platform with its pledge of "no
compromise."
The Confederacy
• By February 1861- Texas,
Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, Florida, and
Georgia (+South Carolina)
had seceded
• February 4th- delegates
from these states met to
form a new nation
• The Confederate States
of America with Jefferson
Davis as their president
• Southerners justified
secession with the theory
of states’ rights
• They argued that the
states voluntarily entered
the Union
The Confederacy Continued
• They defined the
Constitution as a
contract among the
independent states
• They believed the
national government
violated that contract
by refusing to enforce
the Fugitive Slave Act
• Also by denying
Southern states equal
rights in the territories
• Because of these
reasons, the states had
a right to leave the
Union
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reaction
to
Secession
Many Southerners welcomed
secession
They rang church bells and
celebrated in the streets
Other Southerners voiced
concern about the future
Robert E. Lee- “I only see that
a fearful calamity is upon us”
In the North, some
abolitionists preferred to allow
the Southern states to leave
Many Northerners believed
the Union must be preserved
For Lincoln the issue was
“whether in a free government
the minority have the right to
break up the government
whenever they choose”
Lincoln Takes Office
• Lincoln would not take
office until March 4, 1861
• Buchanan was president
and said that the Southern
states had no right to
secede from the Union,
but…
• He had no power to stop
them from doing so
• When Lincoln took office,
people wondered what he
would say and do
• What would happen in the
slave states of Virginia,
North Carolina, Kentucky,
Tennessee, Missouri, and
Arkansas
• If the US used force against
the Confederate States, the
remaining slave states
might secede
Lincoln Takes Office Continued
• In his Inaugural Address,
Lincoln spoke to the
seceding states directly
• Lincoln mixed toughness
with words of peace
• Lincoln said secession
would not be permitted
• “The Union of these States
is perpetual (forever)”
• Lincoln vowed to hold
federal property in the
South
• Including forts and military
installations
• Also was going to enforce
the law of the US
Fort Sumter
• Confederate forces started
taking U.S. forts within their
states
• Lincoln didn’t want to start a
war, but allowing the
Confederates to keep them
would amount to admitting
their right to secede
• The day he took office he
received a message from
the commander of Fort
Sumter
• Fort Sumter was a fort on
an island guarding
Charleston Harbor
• The message warned that
the fort was low on supplies
and the Confederates
demanded its surrender
Lincoln’s Response to Fort Sumter
• Lincoln responded with
a message to Governor
Francis Pickens of
South Carolina
• Lincoln said he was
sending an unarmed
group with supplies to
Fort Sumter
• Lincoln promised that
the US forces would not
“throw in men, arms, or
ammunition” unless
they were fired upon
• Lincoln left the decision
to start shooting up to
the Confederates
• Jefferson Davis ordered
his forces to attack Fort
Sumter before the
supplies arrived
Why did Lincoln decide not to send armed troops
to Fort Sumter?
A. He wanted to leave the
decision to start fighting
up to the Confederates.
B. The fort was already well
stocked with ammunition.
D.
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B
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A
C.
A. A
He feared loss of life of
B. B
Union troops.
C.
C
He wanted to surrender Fort Sumter to the
Confederates.
D. D
Fort Sumter Under Fire
• Confederate guns opened
fire on April 12th, 1861
• High seas kept Union relief
ships from reaching the fort
• Fort Sumter surrendered on
April 14th
• 1000s of shots were fired,
but there were no loss of life
• President Lincoln issued a
call for troops, and
volunteers quickly signed up
• Meanwhile, Virginia, North
Carolina, Tennessee, and
Arkansas voted to join the
Confederacy
• The Civil War had begun
What role did the theory of states’
rights play in the outbreak of the
Civil War?
- The theory held that the Constitution
was a contract among independent
states, which the states agreed to
voluntarily.
- When the federal government violated
the rights of the states, as Southerners
believed it had, the contract was void.
-Southerners used this theory to justify
secession
Chapter 15 Section 4 Quiz
Who was not a presidential
candidate in 1860?
John C. Calhoun
John Bell
Abraham Lincoln
John Breckinridge
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Who was the senator from Kentucky who
tried to save the Union by proposing a lastminute compromise?
A. John Calhoun
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B. John Bell
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D. John Crittenden
Based on the graph, who
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election?
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The US president when the Civil
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What event marked the
beginning of the Civil War?
A. Lincoln–Douglas
debates
B. Lincoln inauguration
C. South Carolina
seceding
D. Fort Sumter attack
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The Confederate president was
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