Transcript The Great Crystal Creation - Illinois Institute of Technology

The Great Crystal Creation
Presented by
Kendra Mallory
Dr. Alfred Lee
RET @IIT
Summer 2005
Brooks Middle
School
Introduction
 Overview of of RET Chemical
Engineer experience
 Introduction to engineering design
through the manifestation of
crystals for nutritional purpose.
 Review of crystallization use to
produce protein crystals for
biomedical applications.
Lesson 1- The Crystal
Challenge Kick-Off
The Great Crystal Creation
Dear Mrs. Mallory,
I am in need of a special product. Can you propose to your chemical
engineering team to design a sugar stirrer for coffee and tea products.
Its should be appealing to the consumer as well as a new and exciting
technology for the scientist.
Signed,
I.P. Freelin Corporation
What does an
engineer do?
a) Conduct trains
b) Fix boilers
c) Design cars
Engineers have a hand
in designing, creating,
or modifying nearly
everything we touch,
wear, eat, see, and
hear in our daily lives.
What is a chemical
engineer?
• a) An Engineer who
manufactures chemicals,
• b) A Chemist who works in
a factory, or
• c) A glorified Plumber?
A chemical engineer takes
raw materials and turn them
into the products we use
everyday.
• They produce soft drinks,
pharmaceuticals, make-up
and hair care products, food
products, and even work to
control pollution.
What is the Engineering Design
Process (EDP)?
• One of the simple
processes that engineers
use to guide them through
problem solving.
• Even though it is a step-bystep process it is not
always adhered to by
practicing engineers.
• EDP is a cycle and can
begin at any step in the
cycle.
• Engineers most often work
in teams to solve problems.
Ask
Improve
Create
Imagine
Plan
Problem-Solving Team Work
• Give me an examples of
teams solving problems
together.
• Each role is important within
the group and must focus on
the overall goal.
• Work towards solving a
common goal is the key.
Role of team members
Data Recorder
Keeps track and records all experimental data
Food Safety Manager
Monitors team members to ensure they are practicing safe food
handling during experiment
Materials Handler
Manages station to ensure all materials and equipment are available for
team members
Group Leader
Manages group to ensure they are on task and on time
Project Agenda
Introduced to design challenge
Groups assigned and roles discussed
Start working on Engineering Design Process as a team
Complete activities 2-6
Begin design challenge experiments
Begin to develop advertisement for product in the form of a
commercial
Finish product and package it
Prepare for final advertisement commercial
Lesson 2-Clean Treats
An ethical approach to food safety
What about Ethics and
Engineering?
• It’s all about being honest and trusting
that people make moral decisions
• Having a moral duty and obligation to
consider safety during the design
process
• Do you trust that everything you
consume have been handled safety
• Food safety inspectors monitors that
safe handling is practiced
Real World Ethics and
Engineering
• Formations of polymorphs (poly-many)
(morph-form) caused during drug
manufacturing caused major problems
for consumers, pharmaceutical industry
and the FDA (Food and Drug
Administration)
http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/foodsafetymobile/mobilegame.swf
• Discuss the point of view of each in this
case scenario
Lesson 3-Dissolving Solution
Discovering saturation of solutions
What is a crystal?
• A crystal is a solid in which the
constituent atoms, molecules, or
ions are packed in a regularly
ordered, repeating pattern
extending in all three spatial
dimensions.
• The process of making crystals
are called crystallization
• Minerals are chemical crystals
What is so important about
solutions and saturation?
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solution.html
• A solution is solids or gases that are
dissolved in a liquid
• Concentration is the amount of one
substance (e.g.solute) within in a
system (e.g.solvent)
• A solute is the substance to be
dissolved (sugar). The other is a
solvent. The solvent is the one doing
the dissolving (water).
• When a solvent can no longer dissolve a
solute it is saturated.
• When a solution is heated up, it can
dissolve more solid materials which it is
called a supersaturated solution.
How does the concentration and
temperature of a solution affect
Crystal Growth?
Crystals can only be produced under
certain conditions
Solution must be super saturated in order for
crystals to come out of solution.
The slower the process of a solution cooling will
yield larger crystals.
Lesson 4-Shaping Up
Understanding how crystals form
How does crystals form?
• Crystals start growing by a
process called "nucleation“
(e.g. seed for growing a
plant).
• After solution is saturated
solid materials form.
• Molecules form a special
arrangement in a repeated
pattern (crystal).
Why do different crystals have
different shapes and sizes?
Shape is dependent on
arrangement of molecular
structure
Size is dependent on rate of
growth along the axes a,b &c
Crystals are classified into systems
based on the angle their bonds form.
*7 common systems
Isometric, Hexagonal, Tetragonal, Trigonal,
Triclinic, Monoclinic, Orthorhombic
What crystal system does this
mineral belong to? Why?
Quartz
Hexagonal
•3 equilateral axes
intersect at angels of
60o , 1 vertical axis
intersect at 90o to
equilateral axes.
•Hexa-six
Beryl
http://www.minerals.net/glossary/glossary.htm
What crystal system does this
mineral belong to? Why?
MONOCLINIC
• 3 unequal axes and
1 unequal
intersection that is
not at 90o
• Mono-one
http://www.minerals.net/glossary/glossary.htm
GYPSUM
What crystal system does this
mineral belong to? Why?
Sugar
Isometric
• 3 axes are at
right angles, all
sides equal
length.
• Iso- same
http://www.minerals.net/glossary/glossary.htm
What crystal system does this
mineral belong to? Why?
Tetragonal
• 3 axes are at
right angels, only
2 lateral axes are
equal length and
it has 4 sides.
• Tetra-four
WULFENITE
http://www.minerals.net/glossary/glossary.htm
What crystal system does this
mineral belong to? Why?
TANZANITE
ORTHORHOMBIC
• 3 unequal axes all at right
angles to each other
• Ortho-unequal
http://www.minerals.net/glossary/glossary.htm
What crystal system does this
mineral belong to? Why?
Amazonite
Trigonal
• 3 equal length axes, 3
equal intersections (not
90o)
• Tri- three
Note:
Hexagonal but
with 3 sides not
6
http://www.minerals.net/glossary/glossary.htm
What crystal system does this
mineral belong to? Why?
Triclinic
• 3 unequal axes and 3
unequal intersections
not at 90o
• Tri-three
http://www.minerals.net/glossary/glossary.htm
Using your 3-D structures identify
the following into rightful system:
Picture 1
Isometric
Picture 2
Tetragonal
Picture 3
Hexagonal
Picture 5
ORTHORHOMBIC
Picture 6
MONOCLINIC
Picture 7
TRICLINIC
Picture 4
Trigonal
Lesson 5- Shapes Part 2
An understanding internal structures of crystals
What do atoms and molecules
have to do with it?
•Every substance on earth is made of matter.
•Atoms are the building blocks of all matter
and can be classified into elements.
•Elements are matter made of only one kind
of atom.
•Different elements bond together to form
molecules.
•A bond is a force that hold atoms together.
•Internal molecular structure gives crystals
their shape.
•Minerals are crystal of different chemicals
Symbols used to communicate
• Elements have chemical symbols,
short one or two letters represents it
(e.g. H=Hydrogen)
• A molecular formula are combinations
of letters representing the elements
present in a molecule. (e.g. H2O)
Lesson 6-Sweet and Salty
A comparison of sugar and salt crystals
Compare and Contrast
Properties of Salt and Sugar
• Salt and sugar share a lot of similar
characteristics.
• Devise a way to check to identify
them without tasting.
• Explain how evaporation is one of the
few techniques to produce crystals.
Classify each into system
Magnified 5X
Sugar or Salt
Classify each into system
Magnified 20X
Sugar or Salt
What is that?
Sugar
Salt
Lesson 7- Revisiting Crystals
Analysis of Data
• List all of the positive data for maximum
growth.
• List problems and try to write solutions
for each.
• Design a method to grow crystals to
achieve optimal results.
• Take the Crystal Challenge!!
Where do I go from here?
• You must grow your rock candy within
the shortest time and be as cost
efficient as possible.
• Prepare your group advertisement and
test taste.
• Insure that ethics is a central
component in your design project.
What should I give the
teacher?
•Your Team’s Engineering Design Process
•Your data collected from your project
•Your product with packing
•Your research
•Your commercial
•Your Done!!!!
Thanks for the coffee
sweeteners! Your chemical
engineering teams are genius.