Transcript Pinhole Camera

Pinhole Camera
Mrs. Doering
Contents
Photo Gallery 3
Making a Pinhole Camera 9
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Introduction 4
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Objectives 5
Vocabulary 6
History of Pinhole Cameras 7
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What is a Pinhole Camera? 8
Supplies 9
Precutting Matt Board 10
The Removable Camera Back
11
The Front of the Camera 12
The Box of the Camera 13-14
Taping the Box of the Camera
15
Drill the Pinhole/Aperture 16
Attach the Pinhole to the
Camera 17
Taking Pictures with a Pinhole
Camera 18
Exposure Table 19
Glossary 20
Pinhole Camera Gallery
Oatmeal Box Pinhole Camera Photos by Stewart L. Woodruff
Introduction
How does a tiny hole make a
picture? As you learn about pinhole
cameras, you will understand how it
is possible to make a picture from a
tiny hole. Not only will you learn
about the pinhole camera, you will
be given instructions on making
your own pinhole camera.
What will you learn?
What is a pinhole camera?
The history of pinhole cameras.
How to construct a pinhole camera.
Creating a negative on photographic paper.
Vocabulary
Aperture
Brass shim stock
Emery Paper
Foam Core
Paper Negative
Photographic Paper
Pierced
Pinhole Camera
Shutter
History of Pinhole Cameras
“The first photograph taken with a pinhole
camera was the work of Scottish scientist
Sir David Brewster back in 1850, the technique
became more established in photography during
the late 19th century when it was noted for
the soft outlines it produced, as opposed to
lenses generating perfect, sharp images.
The pinhole camera was later abandoned and it
wasn't until the end of the 1960s that several
artists began using it in their experiments, thus
awakening renewed interest in this simple
photographic apparatus which endures to this
day” (Summarized from Pinhole Photography,
Rediscovering a Historic Technique, Focal Press
1995, by David Balihar ).
What is a Pinhole Camera?
A camera without a lens
which uses a very small
hole pierced in one end
to allow light to pass
through. An upside
down image is formed
on the back of the
camera which can be
covered with
photography paper or
film.
Light rays from an object
passes through a small
hole to form an image.
(File provided by Wikimedia Commons)
Making a Pinhole Camera
To make a pinhole camera you will need
the following supplies:
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Matt board, black on one side
Brass shim stock
10mm pin
Pencil
Emery paper
Electrical tape
Utility knife
Foamcore
Mrs. Doering’s First
Pinhole Camera
Precutting Matt Board
The black side of the matt board will be the
inside of the camera to prevent light from
being scattered. Cutting accuracy is important.
Cut the following sizes from you matt board:
Three 4” x 5” rectangles
Two 5” x 5” squares
One 5” x 6” rectangle
Two 1” x 5” strips
Two 1” x 4” strips
The Removable Camera Back
The removable back is
constructed from the 5”
x 6” rectangle and the 1”
strips.
Centered on the back
(black side), trace a 4” x
5” rectangle.
Lay the edges of the 1”
strips against these lines
and tape them with
small pieces of electrical
tape. Fold the strips up
and tape the corners by
folding the tape in half
with the sticky side out
and pressing tightly into
the inside corners.
Tape all the seams to
make them light tight.
1”
Strips
(Gray)
Black
Electrical
Tape
Fold the strips up and tape.
The Front of the Camera
In the center of
a 4” x 5”
rectangle cut a
small ¼” x ½”
rectangle with
the utility knife.
You will
complete your
aperture later.
Cut Opening in
Center
The Box of the Camera
Lay the front of the
camera, black side up,
with the two other 4”
x 5” rectangles in a
line with the 4” edges
touching.
Next lay the 5” x 5”
squares next to the
center 4” x 5”
rectangle, forming a
cross.
Tape the seams
together.
5” x 5”
Rectangl
e
4” x 5”
Rectangl
e
The Box of the Camera
Fold the sides up.
Put the back of
the camera
inside.
Put a rubber
band around the
camera so it
holds together
tightly.
Put a few small
pieces of tape to
hold it together.
Back inside
camera
sides
Rubber
band to
hold sides
to back for
a tight fit
Small
pieces of
tape to
temporarily
hold it
together
Sides folded
up to make
the box
Taping the Box of the Camera
Tape the inside and
outside seams of the
camera.
The corners are made
by using a strip of tape
slightly longer than the
seam.
Split the tape where it
extends beyond the
seam.
Fold one part of the tape
in one direction and the
other part in the other
direction to form a tight
corner.
Split the tape at
the corner and
fold along edge
of box
Drilling the Pinhole/Aperture
Place a one inch square of
brass shim stock on top of a
piece of foamcore.
Stick the eye of a 10mm
needle into the pencil’s
eraser.
Using slight pressure and
rotating back and forth, drill
a hole in the brass. The
rotating will keep the hole
smooth.
With a piece of fine emery
paper, polish off the hole so
there are not any rough
edges.
Spin the pencil
while pushing
down firmly but
gently
Pencil
10mm Needle
Foamcore
Attach the Pinhole to the Camera
Place the brass pinhole/aperture over the
open rectangle on the outside of the
camera front.
Using electrical tape, attach the brass
pinhole/aperture securely.
Make sure the pinhole is visible through
the opening.
For a shutter, take a piece of tape and
cover the hole.
Taking Pictures with a Pinhole Camera
In the dark room, tape photographic paper to the
inside, back cover.
Go outside and aim your pinhole at the object you
would like to photograph, securing your camera by
setting it on something.
Open the shutter by pulling down the tape covering
the pinhole/aperture.
Following the exposure table in the next slide, count
the number of seconds you need the aperture to
receive light.
Close the shutter.
Remove the photographic paper in the dark room
and develop the paper negative.
Exposure Table
Extremely bright scenes
in full sun, such as
those containing much
sand or snow.
15 seconds
Bright or Hazy Sun
(Distant Shadows)
30 seconds
Cloudy Bright
(No Shadows)
60 seconds
Overcast
Two minutes
Heavy Overcast or in
open shade on a sunny
day
Four
minutes
Adjustments should
be made depending
on the light or
darkness of the
scene. For example,
a person with a very
light complexion in a
white shirt will
require less
exposure, or an
arrangement of
bushes with green
leaves would require
longer exposure for
any given level of
illumination.
(david.a.heberlein@
uwrf.edu)
Glossary
aperture a hole or an opening through which light is admitted
brass shim stock a very thin piece of brass to use as the
aperture
emery paper an abrasive paper used for sanding
foamcore lightweight material made of three layers – tag board,
foam, tag board
paper negative uses photography paper to create a reversed
image which light areas appear dark and dark areas appear light
pierce to make a hole through
photographic paper is paper coated with light sensitive
chemicals
pinhole camera a camera that uses a pinhole instead of a lens
shutter is like a door that opens and closes to let light through
the aperture for a determined period of time
Self Evaluation
Precut
Matt Board
Take pictures
using
Exposure Table
Fill in the Steps-in-Process Chart
Self Evaluation Answers
Precut
matt board
Construct
camera back
Cut hole for
aperture
Drill pinhole
and attach
to camera
Tape box to
prevent light
from entering
Construct
camera box
Tape
photographic
Paper to back
of camera
Take pictures
using
Exposure Table
Make shutter
How did you do?