Transcript World History CHAPTER 5

GET YOUR NOTES OUT AND GIVE THEM
THE SECTION TITLE AND BIG IDEA.
5.2 FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
Big Idea: Internal struggles of the Roman Empire will
eventually lead to civil wars and increased military
power.
http://teachem.com/learn/2730/the-romanempire-or-republic-orwhich-was-it-crashcourse-world-history-10
Growing unrest
• End of Roman Republic-Senate (real governing body)
– Wealthy aristocratic land owners rule government.
– Small farmer –lose land, move to city.
– Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus urged council of plebeians to pass
land reform bills (gov. take back public land.)
• Led to unrest -brothers executed.
• New Role of the Army
– Marius (general/consul)
• recruit army new way( landless poor -promised land if loyal to
generals).
• Army not under gov. control-great power in individual
generals.
– Lucius Sulla (controlled army (Asia Minor) /Plebs wanted Marius
to control army.
– Sulla won -restored power to Senate.
Analyze the down fall to
promising land to the
landless poor?
• 1st Triumvirate
– 50 yrs of civil war>victors ( Crassus, Pompey , & Julius Caesar)
– Create triumvirate (gov.t by 3 ppl-equal power).
• Crassus killed in battle. Left Caesar & Pompey (Senate
supported).
• Senate wants Caesar to give up power-Caesar says no-enters
Italy .Civil war btw Caesar &Pompey (loser). Caesar = dictator
(absolute ruler).
– land >poor
– increased Senate (900)=power weakened.
– citizenship to supporters
– Solar calendar.
• More important than Senate -assassinated 44 B.C.
• 2nd Triumvirate
• Octavian, Antony, &Lepidus(kicked out)
– Octavian vs. Antony = Battle (Actium)– Antony’s ally Cleopatra
(Egypt). Octavian wins- Republic gone= Age of Augustus.
Emperors & the Early Empire
• Augustus (Octavian) new political system -emperor select
successors from natural or adopted family.
– Next 4 emperors from his family:
• Tiberuis, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. More power but
also more corrupt. Nero had people killed to increase
his power.
– He chose governors of provinces- not senate.
• Followed by good emperors: (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian,
Antonius Pius, & Marcus Aurelius) =Pax Romana (Roman
peace) .
– Power expands & Senate decreases.
– New social & building programs.
Empire Expands
– Harder to govern.
• Emperor Hadrian -Built Hadrian’s wall -protect
northern borders of Britain from northern barbarians.
– At height greatest empire ever seen.
• Emperors provide unity.
– Accepted culture of conquered ppl-granted
citizenship
– Cities spread Roman culture-( Greco-Roman
Culture)
» Latin spread -most important language in west.
• Economy and Society in Early Empire
– Trade – went to China.
– Farming chief occupation. Create Latifundia (large
estates)
– Big space btw rich &poor in Roman society.
Explain the separation
between the rich and the
poor.
Section 5-2 Review
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True or False
Latin was the language of the west?
True
Most Romans also spoke Greek?
False
Greek was the language of the east?
True
Roman and Greek culture mixed?
True
Section 5-2 Review
• Period of peace and prosperity beginning in the
early 2nd century?
• Pax Romana
• Government by three people with equal power
• Triumvirate
• Imperator was the what?
• Commander in chief
• First Roman emperor
• Octavian
• Augustus’s new political system allowed
emperors to chose what?
• Their successors
Section 5-2 Review
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Hadrian’s Wall was a defense against who?
The Scots
Military unit of about 5,000 troops
Legion
Absolute ruler
Dictator
Latifundia were what?
Large, landed estates in Italy