Transcript Document

NOROVIRUS
AND
MRSA
(METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPH AUREUS)
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Great Escape Lodge & Indoor Water Park
NEARLY 400 GUESTS BECAME ILL AT
SIX FLAGS GREAT ESCAPE LODGE &
INDOOR WATERPARK IN
QUEENSBURY, NEW YORK.
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Great Escape Lodge & Indoor Water Park
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People were getting sick within
4 hours of checking-in.
So many people were vomiting,
the resort ran out of towels.
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Great Escape Lodge & Indoor Water Park
New York officials linked the Great
Escape to the illnesses of nearly 200
people.
 More than 300 called the hotline to
report symptoms of diarrhea and
vomiting after visiting the resort

NOROVIRUS IS SUSPECTED
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University of Connecticut Sorority
30 Sorority Women were treated at
the Univ. of Conn’s infirmary after
dining at the nearby Adams Mill
Restaurant.
NOROVIRUS IS SUSPECTED
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Villanova University
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Outbreak of gastrointestinal illness
More than 100 students became
sick January 23rd.
Most recovered on their own,
however, some required
intravenous fluids.
NOROVIRUS IS SUSPECTED
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Two Schools in New Jersey
Sandwiches supplied to two schools
caused illness…
NOROVIRUS IS SUSPECTED
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Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship
One passenger unleashed Norovirus
that sickened 116 passengers.
 Ship returned to port and underwent
deep cleansing & decontamination.
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NOROVIRUS IS SUSPECTED
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WHAT IS
NOROVIRUS?
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Norovirus is
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A common cause of food poisoning
Belongs to a group of viruses
Causes severe inflammation of the
gastrointestinal tract (stomach flu)
Strikes quickly, feel very sick
Runs its course usually within 1-2 days.
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Symptoms of Norovirus
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Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea (not bloody)
Abdominal cramping
Fever, if present, is low-grade
Dehydration is main complication
especially infants and the elderly.
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Spreading Norovirus
Primarily from one infected person to
another (by the fecal-oral route)
 Kitchen workers can contaminate a
salad or sandwich as they prepare it
 Fishermen can contaminate oysters
 Norovirus infection has become a
genuine plaque on cruise ships.

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Are Noroviruses Contagious?
YES !
Extremely contagious
 Spreads easily from person to person
 Take particular care of children in
diapers with diarrhea.
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How Long are People Contagious?
From the moment they begin feeling
ill to at least 3 days after recovery
 Some may be contagious for as long
as 2 weeks after recovery
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USE GOOD HAND WASHING PRACTICES AND
OTHER HYGIENIC PRACTICES AFTER
RECOVERING FROM NOROVIRUS
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How Do People Become
Infected with Noroviruses?
By eating food or drinking liquids
that are contaminated with Norovirus
 Touching surfaces or objects and
placing their hand in their mouth
 Direct contact with another person
who is infected
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How Do People Become
Infected with Noroviruses?
Day-Care Centers and Nursing Home
employees should pay special attention to
children or residents who have Norovirus
illness.
The virus is very contagious and can spread
rapidly throughout such environments. 16
How Serious is Norovirus?
No long-term health effects
 People feel very sick & vomit for 1 or 2
days
 May be unable to drink enough liquids
to replace lost liquids
 Dehydration may require medical
attention
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Community Associated
Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus Infections
(CA-MRSA or MRSA)
MRSA Magnified 20,000 x
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Staphylococcus Aureus

Bacteria commonly carried on the skin or
in the nose
 25-30% population is colonized with
“staph”
 Cause of infections
–Minor (skin and soft tissue)
–Major infections (blood, pneumonia, surgical
site)
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Staph is the most common cause of skin
infections
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Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus- MRSA
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The staphylococcus bacteria has
developed resistance to
antibiotics that are normally used
to treat infections (methicillin,
oxacillin, penicillin, amoxacillin)
1% population is “colonized” with
MRSA
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Reported Outbreaks of MRSA
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Close-contact sports
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Football
Wrestling
Rugby
Soccer
Fencing
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Correctional Facilities
 IV drug-users
 Military Bases
 Daycare Facilities
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Risk factors for the spread of MRSA
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Close skin-skin contact
Openings in the skin such as cuts or
abrasions
Exposure to contaminated items or
surfaces
Crowded living conditions
Poor hygiene
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MRSA Modes of Transmission
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HANDS which become contaminated
by contact with:
– Colonized or infected individuals
– Contaminated devices, items, or
environmental surfaces
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Direct skin-to-skin contact
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CA-MRSA Risk Groups
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Children
– Daycare (attendees/care givers/family members)
– Elementary School (attendees/teachers/family members)
– Residential School for Developmentally Delayed
(attendees/teachers/care givers)
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Athletes (high school and college)
– Football
– Wrestling
– Other = fencing, kayaking, etc.
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Prison Inmates
– Jail
– Prison
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Military Recruits
Homeless Individuals
Injecting Drug Users
Men who have Sex with Men
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MRSA Risk Factors
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Previous MRSA Infection/Colonization
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Close skin-to-skin contact
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Breaks in skin (cuts, abrasions, skin disease,
surgical sites)
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Contaminated items and surfaces
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Crowded living conditions
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Inadequate personal hygiene
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This is not a Spider-bite!
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This is a Spider bite (Brown Recluse)
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MRSA Prevention- Athletics
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Keep hands clean (soap & water or alcohol-based hand
sanitizer), especially after contact with a wound
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Shower after working out
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Keep cuts and abrasions clean and covered until
healed
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Discard used bandages and tape in garbage
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Avoid contact with other people’s wounds & bandages
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Avoid sharing personal items (towels, washcloths, bar
soap, razors, balms, lotions, clothing, uniforms,
equipment)
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Use barrier between skin and shared equipment
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MRSA Prevention (2)-Athletics
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Clean and disinfect shared items, equipment, surfaces
between use with:
– Soap and warm water
– Bleach
– Lysol
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Wash clothes, towels, sheets with warm/hot water and
laundry detergent
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Dry clothes, towels, sheets in a hot dryer (no air-drying)
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Report persistent draining, non-healing wounds
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Infected individual should refrain from public contact (no
school, no sports, no common areas) if wound drainage
cannot be contained under a bandage
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Prevention is Primary
Protect patients…protect healthcare personnel…
promote quality healthcare!
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Hand Hygiene
1. Turn on the water slowly do not use hot water
2. Apply soap to the hands and wrists
3. Vigorously rub hands in a rotary motion paying special
attention to between fingers, knuckles and nails
4. Wash hands for a minimum of 15 seconds
5. Hold the hands and wrists down under the running water
allowing the water to rinse
6. Dry hands using a single paper towel
7. Use the paper towel to turn off faucet
8. Discard paper towel
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When to Wash Hands
• Before going off duty
• Before and after performing a bodily function i.e.
tissue, contact with the face, contacts, hair, use of
toilet
• Before preparing, serving, or eating food
• Before preparing or administering medicine
• After direct or indirect contact with patient
excretions, secretions, or blood even if with gloves
• After removal of gloves
• When hand are visibly soiled.
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Once Infected With MRSA,
Prevent the Spread
Cover the wound
 Clean the hands
 Do not share personal items (towels,
soap, razor, tweezers, clothing)
 Notify new or additional healthcare
providers of the history of MRSA
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Infection Control in Recreation Areas
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Do not share towels, soap, ointments, or other
personal items.
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Shower after participating in
close-contact skin-to-skin activities.
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MRSA (School) Website
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/
diseases/staph/materials.html#school
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This Children's Environmental Health
presentation was made possible
through a grant from
The Dow Chemical Company
Foundation
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Credits
• Charles Lichon, R.S., M.P.H., Creator of Children’s EH Program, Midland
County Health Department (CHD) Michigan
• Nancy Atwood, M.S., Midland CHD (MI) Sanitarian
• Christine Rogers, Meth Response Coordinator, Kalamazoo CHD, MI
• Robert Wolfe, R.S., Midland CHD (MI) Sanitarian
• John Demerjian and Linda Van Orden, Wayne CHD, MI, Body Art
• National Environmental Health Association (NEHA.org) for website
storage and oversight.
NOTE: Permission to use this and all Children’s EH Power Point
presentations is granted thru NEHA, however, all grant and credit notices
and informational slides must be used during each presentation. 41
Other presentations include:

Body Art

Careers in Environmental Health

Food Safe Issues

Household Hazardous Waste

Meth & Teens

Recreational Water

Sun Wise

Norovirus & MRSA
Contact NEHA.org for more information
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For more Information
about this presentation,
contact:
(Local Health Dept Name
here)
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