Transcript Ch 9 Section 4

The Revolution Begins
Objective:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Describe the actions taken by the First
Continental Congress.
Evaluate how the fighting at Lexington and
Concord affected the colonies with Great
Britain.
Analyze the accomplishes of the Second
Continental Congress.
Explain the ways that geography influenced the
early battles of the war.
A.
A Meeting in Philadelphia
1.
The First Continental Congress met in September1774.
2.
Included 56 delegates, from every colony except Georgia.
Debates
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
John Dickinson called for peace with Britain
Patrick Henry argued that war was inevitable
Delegates decided to continue to boycott British goods and warn
colonial militias to prepare.
Sent Declaration of Rights to King George III listing freedoms they
demanded.
Agreed to meet in May 1775 if king did not support their demands.
What were the results of the First Continental
Congress?



-Continue the boycott
-prepare the militias
-send a list of demands to King George III
A.
High Tensions
1.
2.
3.
B.
Boston militias called themselves minutemen because
they could fight on a minute’s notice.
British general Thomas Gage decided to take the militia’s
weapons, which were stored in the town of Concord.
On April 18, 1775, Paul Revere and another man raced on
horses to warn minutemen of the British troop movements
Bloodshed
1.
2.
3.
4.
Minutemen gathered at Lexington, near Concord.
Shots were exchange, and the British continued march to
Concord.
Colonists had hidden the weapons, so few were found.
As the British returned to Boston, colonists killed many
Redcoats, the colonists’ name for the soldiers.
What events led to the beginning of the fighting
between colonists and British soldiers?

-Gage wanted to seize militia weapons at
Concord: Paul Revere warned minutemen who
assembled in Lexington: Shot were exchanged.
A.
The Meeting
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Delegates to the Second Continental Congress met in
Philadelphia in May 1775.
Decided not to break away from Britain.
Created a Continental Army to defend the colonies.
Selected George Washington as commander.
A Peace Offering
1.
2.
Sent Olive Branch Petition, a peace offer to King George
III
King George III rejected the proposal.
Why did the delegates send the Olive Branch
Petition to King George III?

-to make it clear that even though they were
forming an army, they still desired peace.
A.
Minutemen held Boston under siege- a situation in
which soldiers surround a city or fort.
B.
Colonial forces gathered on Breeds Hill and
Bunker Hill to fend off the British.
C.
Defeated by the British at Battle of Bunker Hill
What effect do you think the victory at the Battle
of Bunker Hill had on colonials attitudes?

-it made colonists confident that they could
win in their struggle against the British.
Objective:
1.
2.
3.
Declaring
Independence
Evaluate the influence of Thomas Paine’s
Common Sense.
Identify the main ideas in the Declaration of
Independence.
Explain Americans to the Independence.
A.
B.
Biography
1. a self-educated British Quaker
2. Wrote Common Sense
3. Paine wrote as a common person speaking to common
people
His Ideas
1. He said that the people, not kings and queens, should make
the laws
2. demand their independence
3. Influenced colonists’
1) What did Common Sense become popular with
the colonists?
-Written in a style that common people could
understand.
2) What arguments did Paine make in his
pamphlet?
-The people, not Kings and Queens, should make
laws; and the colonies should demand their
independence from Great Britain.
A.
B.
C.
The Committee
1. Second Continental Congress created a committee to
write a document declaring the colonies’ independence
2. The committee: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin,
Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger
Sherman.
Three Main Idea’s of the Declaration of Independence.
1. all men possess unalienable rights.
2. King George III had violated the colonists’ rights.
3. The right to break away from Britain
July 4, 1776 approved Declaration of Independence,
creating USA
1) Why do you think Loyalists fled the colonies?
-Their views were very unpopular with the
colonists who supported independence.
A.
Colonists who chose to fight for independence became
known as Patriots
B.
Loyalists
1.
2.
Those who remained loyal to Great Britain were called
Loyalists or Tories.
More than 100,000 Loyalists fled the colonies during the
Revolution
Women
1. Many women were Patriots.
2. The Declaration failed to mention women at all.
3. Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, asked her
husband to protect the rights of women.
B. African Americans
1. The Declaration did not recognize the rights of
enslaved African Americans.
2. The Revolution raised questions about whether
slavery should exist in a land that valued liberty.
3. The conflict over slavery continued long after the
Revolutionary War had ended.
4. The issue of slavery remained unsolved
A.
4.
Why did the American Revolution raise
questions about slavery in the United States?
- Colonists accusing Britain of violating their rights had
to face the reality that African Americans in the
United States were denied their unalienable rights.
Dark Hours For the
Revolution
Objectives:
Objectives:
1. What were the Patriots' advantages and
disadvantages at the beginning of the Revolutionary
War?
2. How did different groups contribute to the war
effort?
3. What problems did the Patriots face in Canada
and New York?
A.
.
1.
2.
B.
.
.
.
1.
2.
3.
.
.
.
A.
Great Britain’s Advantages.
1.
2.
B.
More Money and resources than the colonies.
Well-trained army and largest navy in the world:
colonies had poorly-trained militias and no navy at
all.
Colonies Advantages.
1.
2.
3.
Many Americans supported the revolutionary cause.
Fighting on home ground: Britain had to ship
supplies across the Atlantic.
Fighting for a cause in which they believed :
Britain’s army included some mercenaries, or hired
soldiers, not dedicated to the British cause.
What military advantages did the British have
over the colonists?
Well trained army, largest navy in the world
What advantages did the colonists have over the
British?
Many Americans strongly supported the revolution, and
they were fighting on home ground for a cause in
which they believed.
.
A.
.
.
1.
2.
.
B.
1.
2.
3.
.
.
.
American Soldiers
A.
1.
2.
More than 230,000 soldiers served in the Continental
Army.
145,000 Americans joined local militias.
African Americans at War.
B.
1.
2.
3.
southerners did not want the American forces to include
black soldiers. Washington soon banned African
Americans from serving in the army.
1775 Lord Dunmore's Proclamation promised freedom
to any slave who fought for the British.
Continental Army began allowing free African
Americans to enlist, and eventually some 5,000 joined
Important Questions
Why did the Continental Army decide to allow
free African Americans to enlist?
-
In response to Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation, which
offered freedom to any African American who
fought for the British.
A.
.
1.
2.
B.
.
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
.
.
.
.
A.
A. American Indian.
1.
2.
B.
Mohawk leader Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant)
persuaded many of the Iroquois to support the British.
Patriots worked hard just to keep American Indians
neutral.
Women
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ran farms and businesses while men served as soldiers.
Raised money for supplies or joining sewing groups to make
uniforms
served as messengers, nurses, or spies .
Mary Ludwig Hays earned the nickname Molly Pitcher by
bringing water to thirsty Patriot troops. Took husband place
loading cannons.
Important Questions
In what ways did women serve the patriot cause?
-
-
Running farms and business
Raising money for supplies
Sewing uniforms
Working as messengers, nurses, or spies
Serving in battle
A.
Canada
1.
2.
B.
Patriot troops took St. John’s, Canada and Montreal.
British won a major victory when the Patriots
attacked Quebec.
New York
1.
2.
British General William Howe drove the Continental
Army off of Long Island.
After several months they pushed Washington out
of New York.
A.
.
1.
2.
B.
.
.
.
1.
2.
.
.
Important Questions
What victories did the British enjoy in the early
years of the war?
-
They defeated the Patriots at Quebec
Drove the Continental Army out of New York
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What were Washington’s strategies at Trenton
and Princeton?
Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point
in the war?
How did foreign nations and individuals aid the
Patriots?
How did the Patriots carry out the naval war?.
A.
B.
Trenton
1. Howe sent Hessians to New Jersey
2. On Christmas night in 1776, Washington and 2,400
soldiers silently crossed the icy Delaware River.
3. Washington led a surprise attack the next morning.
4. Patriots won the Battle of Trenton in less than an hour.
Princeton
1. Washington marched northeast to Princeton, New Jersey.
2. The hard-fought Battle of Princeton ended in another
victory for the Patriots.
British Strategy for New England
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
General John Buroyne was to attack Fort Ticonderoga and then
march south.
A second force was to march east from Lake Ontario.
General Howe’s troops were to march north from New York
City.
All three forces were to meet at Albany, New York.
B.
Howe defeated the Continental Army At the Battle of
Brandywine Creek.
C.
Saratoga
1.
2.
3.
Burgoyne’s troops reached Albany before other forces did
As a result, Patriot forces outnumbered Burgonye’s and the
Patriots won the Battle of Saratoga.
Victory raised colonial morale and increased foreign support for
the Revolution.
1.
What effects did the America victory at
Saratoga have?
- Improved colonial morale
- Increased foreign support for Patriots
- Ended threat in New England
- 1st Major victory and turning point
A.
France and Spain
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Victory at Saratoga convinced France that the American
could win the war.
In 1778 the Continental Congress approve an alliance
with France.
Spain joined the war against Britain in 1779.
Bernardo de Galvez, governor of Spanish Louisiana, was
a key Patriot ally.
Individuals
1.
2.
Marquis de Lafayette of France fought with the Patriots
and gave them money.
Officers from Poland provided military training and skill.
A.
Continental army spent the winter of 1777-78 at
Valley Forge, Pa.
B.
Hardships
1.
2.
3.
More them one fifth of the Continental Army died of
disease and malnutrition.
Some soldiers became angry and frustrated with the
lack of supplies and pay.
Veteran Prussian officer Baron Friedrich von
Steubon drilled the Continental soldiers and helped
turn them into well-trained group.
A.
Continental Navy.
A.
B.
B.
Created by Continental Congress in 1775
Because of the navy’s small size, Patriot ships
attacked individuals British vessels instead of
fighting large battles.
A successful Captain
1.
2.
John Paul Jones, originally from Scotland, captured
many British supply ships..
Won a major victory against the British warship
Serapis in 1779
How did Baron Fredrich Von Steubon aid the
Continental Army
- drilled soldiers into a well-trained fighting unit
What strategy did commanders in the Continental
Navy use against the British
- because navy was small, attached individual
ships rather than fighting large battles.
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
Explain the ways that geography affected the
Patriot strategy in the west?
Describe how the war took place in the
southern colonies?
Examine the events that finally ended the war?
A.
B.
C.
Biography
1. George Rogers Clark was a Virginian who had explored
the frontier.
2. Gathered soldiers from small towns, built an army, and
attacked forts and towns.
Kaskasia
1. British trading village located along the Mississippi River.
2. Trading post enabled the British to maintain relations with
American Indians, control the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers,
and supply British soldiers in Detroit.
3. Clark’s troops took Kaskaskia in a surprise attack.
More Success
1. Clark convinced some American Indians to remain neutral
2. Won the Battle of Vincennes in February 1779.
3. Never captured Fort Detroit but weakened the British war
effort in the west.
Why was Kaskasia an important location in the
war in the west?
- Trading posts location enabled the British to
maintain relations with American Indians, control
the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and supply troops
in Detroit
A.
B.
C.
British Strategy
1.
Focused on the southern colonies after defeat in the Battle of
Saratoga.
2.
Freed slaves, who then assisted the British war effort.
British Victories
1.
Captured port cities of Savannah, Georgia, and Charleston, South
Carolina.
2.
Defeated Patriot forces led by Horatio Gates at Camden, South
Carolina.
3.
British victory at Camden destroyed the Patriots’ southern army.
Patriots Fight Back
1.
Patriots switch to guerrilla warfare- swift hit and run attacks.
2.
Francis Marion, know as the Swamp Fox and a master of guerrilla
warfare, led a group of soldiers that attached British
communications and supply lines.
How did the Patriots respond to the destruction of
their southern army?
- They turned to guerrilla warfare.
A.
B.
C.
Difficult Times
1.
By 1781 the Patriots had run low on money to pay soldiers and buy
supplies.
2.
Entry of foreign allies had not ended the war quickly, as the Patriots had
hoped.
3.
Patriots lost morale when Benedict Arnold, a gifted officer, turned traitor.
4.
British controlled most of the south.
Yorktown
1.
Lies on a peninsula in Virginia.
2.
British general Charles Cornwallis moved to Yorktown to attack a patriot
force.
3.
In New York, General George Washington and French general Comte de
Rochambeau planned a strategy to trap Cornwallis.
The Battle
1.
French fleet took control of the Chesapeake Bay, which prevented
Cornwallis from receiving reinforcements by sea.
2.
Combined American-French force, which was more than twice the size of
Cornwallis’s forces, surrounded Cornwallis and put his forces under siege.
3.
After several weeks, Battle of Yorktown ended with Cornwallis’s
surrender.
4.
British defeated at Yorktown on October 20, 1781, marked the war’s end.
A.
Peace negotiations, which began in
June 1781, lasted more than two
years.
B.
Treaty of Paris of 1783 recognized the
independence of the United States,
set borders for the new nation, and
resolves some trade and settlement
issues.
How did the French assist the Americans at
Yorktown?
- They helped plan strategy, provided troops and
fleet to help trap Cornwallis’s forces.