Transcript Document

Keeping your Research Alive:
Preserving Research Data
Overview
• Introduction
• What is research data
• Why manage research data?
• How to manage research data
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Types of research data
Ethics & IP
Access, Sharing & Re-use
Storage & preservation
• The Lifecycle of Research Data
• Data Management Planning & Approaches to managing data
• Help & Advice
By the end of the session you
will be better able to:
• Describe the forms research data takes and the role of
contextual documentation and metadata in enabling data reuse
• Describe how managing research data effectively will
improve your research, save you time, decrease the risks of
data loss and increase your professional impact and identify
tools to help
• Describe University of Leeds and research funder data
management expectations
• Identify sources of information and guidance on managing
research data effectively, including additional training
courses
What are research data?
What research data do you have?
Images from http://office.microsoft.com/en-gb/images
What is research data?
Data
The lowest level of abstraction from which information and
knowledge are derived.
Research Data
Recorded, factual material commonly retained by and accepted in
the [research] community as necessary to validate research
findings; although the majority of such data is created in digital
format, all research data is included irrespective of the format in
which it is created.
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Why manage research data?
Why manage research data?
• Society
• Government
• Research Funders
• University
• Individual
Why manage research data?
Society
“Publicly funded research data are a public good, produced in
the public interest, which should be made openly available.”
(RCUK)
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD)
The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies
work together to address the economic, social and environmental
challenges of globalisation.
“.. promote a culture of openness and sharing of research
data”
http://www.oecd.org/
Why manage research data?
Government
The government in its ‘Innovation and Research
Strategy for Growth’ has committed to the
principle that publicly funded academic
research is a public good produced in the
public interest and that, while intellectual
property must be protected and commercial
interests considered, it should be made
openly available with as few restrictions as
possible.
In this way, we will more effectively realise the
social and economic benefits of spreading
knowledge, raising the prestige of UK research
and encouraging technology transfer.
Open Data White Paper ‘Unleashing the
Potential’
http://data.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Open_data_White_Paper.pdf
Why manage research data?
Funders
Data with acknowledged long term
value should be preserved and
Publicly funded research data are a remain accessible and usable for
future research
public good […] which should be
made openly available with as few
RCUK recognise that there are legal,
restrictions as possible
ethical and commercial constraints
[…]sufficient metadata should be
on the release of research data.
recorded and made openly available.
[Researchers] may be entitled to a
limited period of privileged use of the […] all users of research data should
acknowledge the sources of their
data […] to enable them to publish
data and abide by the T&Cs under
the results of their research.
which they are accessed.
It is appropriate to use public funds
to support the management and
sharing of publicly-funded research
data. The mechanisms should be
efficient and cost-effective
Why manage research data?
University
Research data will be managed to
All research data should be offered and
agreed standards […] and in
assessed for deposit and preservation
accordance with funder requirements in an appropriate University, national or
international data service or domain
Data should not be deposited with
repository […]
any organisation that does not
At the completion of each research
commit to its access and availability
project, the PI should ensure that all
for re-use
relevant research data are made
The University is responsible for the available, subject to meeting
appropriate requirements, in the
provision of training, support and
location specified in the data
advice
management plan.
The management of Research Data
Responsibility for research data
reflects our:
management during any research
commitment to research excellence
project or programme lies with
recognition of our duty to our funders
responsible owners such as
appreciation of the value of our data - to us
Principal Investigators (PIs).
and to others
Why manage research data?
Individual
Increase in citation rates when researchers share the data
underlying publications (Piwowar, 2007, PLoS)
Data sharing builds communities
• Stronger networks
• More collaboration
• Better research
• Increase research efficiency
• Save time and resources
• Enhance data security
• You may be the first re-user of your own data!
How to manage research data
How to manage research data
- Types of research data
- Ethics & Intellectual Property
- Access, Sharing & re-use
- Storage & Preservation
UoB
How to manage research data
Types of research data
Categories of data
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Text Documents (inc with images), spreadsheets
Field notebooks, diaries
Questionnaires, transcripts, codebooks
Audiotapes, videotapes
Photographs, films
Test responses
Slides, artefacts, specimens, samples
Collection of digital objects acquired and generated during the process
of research
• Data files
• Database contents (video, audio, text, images)
Data can be analogue, born digital or digitised.
How to manage research data
What does this mean?
110612
How to manage research data
What is metadata?
In the context of data management, metadata are a subset of core
standardised and structured data documentation that explains the
origin, purpose, time reference, geographic location, creator, access
conditions and terms of use of a data collection. Metadata are typically
used:
• for resource discovery, providing searchable information that helps
users to easily find existing data
• as a bibliographic record for citation
UK Data Archive, Managing & Sharing Data Guide, May 2011
http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/media/2894/managingsharing.pdf
How to manage research data
What is metadata?
Metadata can be stored at different levels:
• Individual file level
(e.g. image format, resolution, colour depth etc.)
• Data object level
(e.g. multiple files make up a single panoramic data object)
• Object group level
(e.g. multiple photos taken at same location during a single session)
• Project level
(e.g. relevant research records / consent forms. etc.)
More info: http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/create-manage/document
How to manage research data
Storing Research Data
File formats
To ensure your data will still be able to be read in the
future, it should be stored in an open format.
http://data-archive.ac.uk/create-manage/format/formats-table
MS Word / Powerpoint with Macros
PDF / A
MS Excel
CSV / Tab-delimited
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How to manage research data
Storing Research Data (2)
Photoshop (.psd)
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JPEG-2000 (no compression)
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TIFF (v6 uncompressed)
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Bitmap (.bmp)
Windows Media Audio (.wma)
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FLAC (.flac)
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WAV (.wav)
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Real Audio (.rm)
How to manage research data
Storage,Preservation and Curation
Storage: Storing raw copy of data
such that it can be retrieved at a
later data with 100% accuracy.
Preservation: The active
management of digital information
over time to ensure its
accessibility.
Curation: Maintaining, preserving
and adding value to digital
research data throughout its
lifecycle.
How to manage research data
Access, sharing and re-use
Brainstorm – constraints on data
sharing
Possible solutions / approaches
How to manage research data
Access, sharing and re-use
Ethics
Ethical review – research with people –balancing
data protection with data sharing
Informed consent – current and future use
Confidentiality – is anonymisation appropriate?
Access control – who, what, when?
IPR
Copyright – clarify before research starts
Licensing options – CC, ODC, End User Licence
How to manage research data
Access, sharing and re-use
Ways of sharing data – repositories
http://datacite.org/repolist
- subject data repository – Archaeology Data Service
- national data repository – UK Data Archive
- interdisciplinary (including negative data) – FigShare
- institutional data repositories – Edinburgh DataShare – Leeds
Advantages
- permanent / stable
- findable
- citable
- safe and controlled environment
How to manage research data
Access, sharing and re-use
Further information:
Secretariat / RIS www.leeds.ac.uk/secretariat/policies_procedures_codesofpr
actice.html
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IPR Policy
Code of Practice on Data Protection – checklist
Research ethics policy (2013)
http://researchdata.leeds.ac.uk/
UK Data Archive - http://data-archive.ac.uk/
Digital Curation Centre - http://www.dcc.ac.uk/
Funders – e.g. http://www.esrc.ac.uk/researchethics/
How to manage research data
Access, Sharing and re-use
Emerging scholarly practice
Credit for re-use:
University of London. Institute of Education. Centre for Longitudinal Studies (2010):
National Child Development Study: Sample of Essays (Sweep 2, Age 11), 1969..
UK Data Archive. http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5790
Higher profile for research data:
Data Citation Index
http://tinyurl.com/batfku8
Example of data sharing
The lifecycle of research data
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<Insert UK Data Archive Research Data Lifecycle Diagram>
Research Data Lifecycle
CREATING DATA
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RE-USING DATA
• follow-up research
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new research
undertake research reviews
scrutinise findings
teach and learn
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design research
plan data management
(formats, storage etc.)
plan consent for sharing
locate existing data
collect data
(experiment, observe, measure,
simulate)
capture and create metadata
PROCESSING DATA
• enter data, digitise, transcribe,
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UK Data Archive
Research Data Lifecycle
ANALYSING DATA
GIVING ACCESS
TO DATA
• distribute data
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share data
control access
establish copyright
promote data
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translate
check, validate, clean data
anonymise data where
necessary
describe data
manage and store data
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PRESERVING DATA
• migrate data to best format
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migrate data to suitable medium
back-up and store data
create metadata and
documentation
archive data
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interpret data
derive data
produce research outputs
author publications
prepare data for preservation
Data Management Planning
Data Management Planning
4. A data management plan that explicitly addresses the
capture, management, integrity, confidentiality,
preservation, sharing and publication of research data
must be created for each proposed research project or
funding application. Sufficient metadata shall also be
created and stored to aid discovery and re-use. Data
management plans should take account of and ensure
compliance with relevant legislative frameworks which
may limit public access to the data (for example, in the
areas of data protection, intellectual property and
human rights).
University of Leeds Research Data Management Policy
DMP Example Exercise
Look at two examples of DMPs (page 23 and page 25).
Identify strengths and weaknesses of each
Data Management Planning
http://www.dmponline.dcc.ac.uk
Approaches to Preserving and
Managing Research Data
Levels of managing data
Use
meta
data tools
Structure files
Document the research
Consider
Data format
File formats
Organising files
• Structure
• File names
Data storage
• Volume
• Format (optical, magnetic)
• Security
Backup
What is your experience of
finding files?
Challenges?
Solutions?
Summary
Summary
Publicly funded research should be for the common good
Managing research data is part of good research practice
• The data allows you to justify your research findings
• Enables you to more easily find and re-use your research data
• Managed data can be shared with others
A research data management plan helps in achieving this
Be clear about who is responsible for research data and its
management
References
Cited papers
Digital Curation Centre
MIT Libraries on Data Management and Publishing
Research Councils UK on Governance of Good Research
UK Data Archive
University of Leeds on
• Safeguarding data
• Research Data Management
• Data Protection
MANTRA research data training, University of Edinburgh