Transcript History of Transportation - Science & Technology Weblog en73

History of Transportation
Before the year 1750
How it all began…
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3500 years before christ (BC):
The invention of the wheel
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2000: BC Horses are domesticated
and used for transportation
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181-234: The wheelbarrow is invented
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770: Iron horseshoes improve
transportation by horse
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1662: Blaise Pascal
invents the first
public bus - horsedrawn, regular route,
schedule, and fare
system
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1740 Jacques de
Vaucanson
demonstrates his
clockwork powered
carriage
Who used which transport?
Rich people
Poor people
Carriage with horses
Carriage with bullock
Comfotable carriage with good
seats
Uncomfortable carriaga with hard
seats and bad equipment
Could used new inventions
Often walk
Imagine of the first
wind-driven car
How did people go to work?
- often lived in the near of the work
- walk to work
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very rich people get with the carriage to
work
How did they travel?
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Not everybody could afford to travel
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they travel with carriages,
with very bad comfort
 carriages had no
suspension
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need much time, because of slowly transport
 very bad traffic-routes
How often and why did they travel?
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they travel rare, because of the high costs
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They don´t travel for fun, but to search a
job
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some worked for a time for people with
carriages, to travel with them
Shipping and Trade
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One of the most important
means of transport in 1750
was shipping
In 1750 shipping were mostly
used for trading, merchants
were able to export goods to
other continents.
The ships in 1750 were not
constructed to take people and
people couldn´t afford it to go
by ship, so the seaways were
mainly used by merchants
Shipping and Trade
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People could get goods
from far away countries
and a bigger spectrum of
commodities were
buyable
sugar, tea and many
other luxery goods were
available now
Material prosperity were
established in big parts of
the population
Shipping and Trade
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An important way to trade was the
„triangula trade“
Triangula trade ment the trade
between three trade partners, in this
example Africa, America and Europe.
Manufactual goods from Europe were
exported to Africa
From Africa slaves were brought to the
Caribbean (and from there to Nothern
America)
In the Caribbean merchants got for
example sugar and rum for european
consumers
Every trade partner took advantage of
the trade because every trader got
goods which were not available on the
local market
In this time slaves were goods for
western merchants, they used to do
jobs which the local population didn´t
like to do
The Steam Engine
Thomas Savery (1650-1715)
English inventor& engineer
had to solve a problem:
When the miners digged very deep into the
ground the ground water flowed into the
mine.
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The first Steam Engine
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Savery invented a machine
which raises water by the
help of the power of steam:
A fire boil water
The steam spread and
blows into the bowl where
the water is.
The water goes upwards.
The valve closes.
Miner‘s friend
The steam condenses and creates a
vacuum.
 This vacuum sucks new water on which is
pumped out of the coal mine like explained
before.
 Savery called his invention Miner‘s Friend
and patented it 1698 for the next 14 years.
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Improvement of the Steam Engine
The problem of Savery‘ s machine was
that it only could transport water 12
metres high becaus the pressure of the
steam is limited.
 Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729)
improved the steam engine.
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Newcomen Steam Engine
This engine could transport water higher
because it uses the power of atmospheric
pressure and is so not limited.
 1712 Newcomen and John Calley built the
first steam engine to pump water out of a
water-filled coal mine.
 This was a very interesting and useful
invention for this time.
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Newcomen Steam engine
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Blue: water
Pink: steam
Green: valve open
Red: valve closed
You might ask yourself:
What is the use of the steam
engine…
…for the history of transportation?
Connection of the steam engine &
the history of transportation
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Later inventors used
the steam engine to
develop
the steam- dieselengine
which was used to
power a locomotive