Transcript Lipids: Fats & Oils - Ms. Pilarz's Website

Lipids: Fats & Oils
Regents Biology
2003-2004
Lipids
Concentrated energy molecules
Regents Biology
Lipids
 Examples

fats

oils

waxes

hormones
 sex hormones
 testosterone (male)
 estrogen (female)
Regents Biology
2003-2004
Lipids
 Function:

Long term energy storage
 very concentrated
 twice the energy as carbohydrates!
cell membrane
 cushions organs
 insulates body

 think whale blubber!
Regents Biology
2003-2004
Structure of Fat
not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule”
Regents Biology
1) List 3 foods that contain mostly lipids
2) List 3 ways that living creatures use
lipids
3) List 3 examples of lipids in living
organisms
Regents Biology
Saturated fats
 Most animal fats

solid at room
temperature
 Limit the amount
in your diet
contributes to
heart disease
 deposits in
arteries

Regents Biology
Unsaturated fats
 Plant, vegetable & fish fats

liquid at room
temperature
 the fat molecules
don’t stack tightly
together
 Better choice in your
diet
Regents Biology
Saturated vs. unsaturated
saturated
unsaturated
Regents Biology
2003-2004
Other lipids in biology
 Cholesterol
good molecule in cell membranes
 make hormones from it

 including sex hormones

but too much cholesterol in blood may
lead to heart disease
Regents Biology
2003-2004
Other lipids in biology
 Cell membranes are made out of lipids
phospholipids
 heads are on the outside touching water

 “like” water

tails are on inside away from water
 “scared” of water

forms a barrier
between the cell
& the outside
Regents Biology
2003-2004
1) What is the difference between a
saturated and unsaturated lipid?
2) Cholesterol is considered both a good
and a bad molecule to have in your
body… why?
3) What structure in living organisms is
made of phospholipids?
Regents Biology
Let’s build some
Lipids!
Regents Biology
Nucleic acids:
Information molecules
Regents Biology
2006-2007
Nucleic Acids
Examples

DNA
 DeoxyriboNucleic
Acid

RNA
 RiboNucleic Acid
Regents Biology
RNA
Nucleic Acids
 Function:

genetic material
 stores information
 genes
 blueprint for building proteins

DNA
DNA  RNA  proteins
 transfers information
 blueprint for new cells
 blueprint for next generation
Regentsproteins
Biology
Genes (DNA)
are needed
to run bodies every day…
to make you and me…
to make new cells…
to make babies!
G
C
T
A
Regents Biology
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
A
Nucleic acids
 Building block = nucleotides
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide

5 different nucleotides


different nitrogen bases
A, T, C, G, U
sugar
phosphate
Regents Biology
N base
Nitrogen bases
I’m the
A,T,C,G or U
part!
1) What are the functions of a nucleic
acid in living organisms?
2) What is the monomer for NA?
3) Draw and label a monomer of a nucleic
acid.
Regents Biology
Nucleotide chains
 Nucleic acids

N base
sugar
N base
phosphate
nucleotides chained
into a polymer
 DNA
phosphate
 double-sided
 double helix
 A, C, G, T
strong bonds
 RNA
sugar
N base
sugar
N base
phosphate
 single-sided
 A, C, G, U
phosphate
Regents Biology
sugar
RNA
DNA
 Double strand twists into a double helix
weak bonds between nitrogen bases join
the 2 strands
 A pairs with T
 A :: T
weak bonds
 C pairs with G
 C :: G
 the two strands can
separate when our
cells need to make
copies of it

Regents Biology
Copying DNA
 Replication
copy DNA
 2 strands of DNA helix are
complementary

 they are matching
 have one, can build other
 have one, can rebuild the whole
Regents Biology
1953 | 1962
Watson and Crick … and others…
Regents Biology
1) How are the bonds different that hold
together the sides of the double helix
and the bonds that hold together the
middle of the double helix?
1) What are the two types of nucleic
acids? What is different about the
shape of each?
Regents Biology