Transcript Eyes on the Pacific - Alpine Public School District

Monday, April 15, 2013
• Homework:
–“Seward’s Folly” page 681
• Do Now:
–Key terms and people page 680
Eyes on the Pacific
• The US was ready to take on new
•
•
challenges and expand into new
trade partners by the mid 1800s
US merchants for a long time
wanted to engage in trade with
Japan
Japan blocked outside trade for
about 250 years
Opening Japan to Trade
• In 1853, Commodore Matthew C.
•
•
Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay with
heavily armed warships
When Perry returned, he had a
treaty that opened up trade with
Japan
Japan recognized their weakness:
• US had technology & power
• Japan decided they needed to
The US Expands
• Alaska was a Russian colony
• They told the US Secretary of
•
State William Seward that they
wanted to sell the territory
Seward favored US expansion
and saw Alaska as a stepping
stone
Purchasing Alaska
• Alaska is twice the size of Texas so
for $7.2 million the US expanded by
1/5
• Many Americans opposed
• They saw it as a frozen
wasteland - "Seward's Folly"
and "Seward's Icebox"
• Soon they changed their tune
• Found valuable discoveries of
Tuesday, April 16, 2013
•No Homework
•Do Now:
•Page 682 cause and effect
•Please have out last night’s
homework
Expansionist Mood:
Imperialism vs. Isolationism
• Until late 1800s, America practiced
•
isolationism
• Avoiding involvement in other
countries' affairs (Remember
George Washington's advice)
Europe was building empires
imposing political and economic
control - this is called imperialism.
A new spirit of expansionism
• Americans debated over a new
•
Manifest Destiny that extended
over seas
Expansion supporters offered
reasons for increased involvement
• economic growth
• spreading American values
Turner's Thesis
• Although not widely accepted
•
today, Frederick Turner concluded
the western frontier had defined
American history
They now believed that European
expansion was the new frontier
that would renew our nation's
strength
Promoting Economic Growth
• Powerful industrial economy
• America produced more than America
•
•
could buy
America's fear: we could be shut out
of global markets if we did not act and
just watched European powers
Some thought the key to strong trade
was a strong navy
Spreading American
Values
• Americans felt that they had a
divine duty to spread Christian
values and westerns civilization
around the world
The Pacific
• Samoa
• A chain of islands in the South
•
•
Pacific
US steamboat companies and
missionaries expressed interest
US navy wanted to set up coaling
stations where ships could stop
and stock up on coal
Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Homework: page 687 Analyzing
History &Geography
Do Now: Answer why were many
nations interested Samoa and other
Pacific island?
The Pacific
• Hawaii
• A group of islands in the North
•
•
Pacific
natural beauty, sunshine,
beaches
Beauty was secondary - Hawaii
was perfectly positioned in
between Asia and the US for a
military post
•
The Pacific
Hawaii
• 1820 - first American missionaries arrive
• They hoped to convert Hawaiians to
Christians
• Americans set up sugar plantations
• As the sugar industry grew, power for
American planters grew
• When Liliuokalani became queen, she
wanted to restore the Hawaiian
monarchy and reduce foreign influence
Annexing Hawaii
• 1893: American planters organize an
•
•
uprising without consulting the
government
• 50 US Marines overthrow the
queen
President Grover Cleveland did not
recognize this as a proposal to annex
Hawaii.
William McKinley followed as
President and did support
Monday, April 22, 2013
Homework:
Page 700-701 1-10, 12
Do Now:
Key terms page 693
Linking the Oceans
• During the Spanish-American
•
•
War, it took the US navy 2 months
to go from San Francisco to Cuba
There had to be a better way!
A canal across Central America
would fix this problem
Choosing a Site
• The Isthmus (narrow strip of land
•
joining 2 larger areas of land) of
Panama was the ideal location
• 50 miles wide
Roosevelt offered $10 million in
cash and $250,000 yearly in rent
Choosing A Site
• Some Columbians did not agree.
•
•
They felt they were worth more
than offered and did not like that
the US would have control over a 6
mile stretch of Columbian territory
Roosevelt was clever:
He knew that Panamanians disliked
Columbians so the US would help
them claim their independance
Getting the Site
•
•
•
A revolt takes place and we support the
Panamanians
We recognize them as a nation
With Panamanian support, we sign a
treaty granting the US permanent use and
control of the 10 mile wide zone. We
agreed on our original offer
• $10 million cash and $250,000 a
year rent
•
Building The Panama Canal
President Roosevelt encouraged the
engineers to "make the dirt fly!“
• The biggest obstacle when building this
canal was yellow fever and malaria
• Although many Americans thought it was
caused by damp nights, a Cuban doctor
discovered it was transmitted by a certain
type of mosquito
"Big Ditch"
• Construction involves 3 major tasks:
• Cut through a mountain
• dam a river
• build the canal's giant locks
• Digging the Gaillard Cut (9 mile ditch
•
through the mountain) proved to be the
most challenging part
Although most supervisors were Americans,
the laborers were West Indie from African
descent
The Panama Canal
• despite unexpected delays, the
•
Canal was finished 6 months
ahead of schedule
The Panama Canal opened on
August 15, 1914
Latin America
• Roosevelt was not shy about his
•
intensions.
He wanted everyone to know that
if diplomacy failed, he was not
afraid to use military force to
protect the interests of the US.
Latin America
•
Roosevelt also wanted to let European
nations know that they were not going to
become too powerful.
•
To prevent these nations from using
military force to collect debt, Roosevelt
extended the Monroe Doctrine.
• This became known as the Roosevelt
Corollary (logical extension)
Dollar Diplomacy
•
As in everything else, When Taft
took the presidency he had a
different approach
• Taft favored dollar diplomacy
• policy based on economic ties
• This policy led to just as many
military interventions as
Roosevelt's plan
Latin American Interference
• When revolution broke out in
•
•
Nicaragua, the US sent in Marines
We also at a time occupied Haiti
and Honduras
Many Latin Americans resented the
interference with their affairs
Mexico Relations
•
•
•
As Woodrow Wilson took office, he had
a different idea than both Roosevelt and
Taft.
He believed that democracy should be
spread all over the world
Dealing with Mexico, at first Wilson
practiced "Watchful Waiting" but he was
tested when a group of American
sailors were arrested
•
•
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Mexican Relations
Wilson sent in the navy to occupy the
port of Veracruz which upset many
Mexicans
Wilson was drawn back into Mexican
affairs in 1916 by actions of Francisco
Villa (Pancho Villa)
Pancho Villa and his men raided the
town of Columbus in New Mexico,
killing 18 Americans
After 11 months, Wilson ordered
withdrawal without the capture of Villa