Transcript Experimental Maintenance

Experimental
Maintenance
Overview
• What is an Experimental Aircraft and why is a special
airworthiness certificate issued in the experimental
category
• The History of the Experimental Aircraft
• Who is allowed to maintain Experimental Aircraft
• Who should maintain experimental aircraft
• What Rules and regulations apply
• Operating Limitations and changes in Aircraft configuration
• Do A.D.s apply to my Aircraft and the components installed,
and who can sign them off
• Why should you maintain a Log Book
What is a Experimental Aircraft
• An aircraft that does not have a Type
Certificate, or does not conform to its type
certificate and is in a condition for safe
operation.
• Additionally, a primary category kit-built
aircraft that was assembled without the
supervision and quality control of the
production certificate holder.
Why is a special airworthiness certificate in the
experimental category issued
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Research and development
Showing compliance with regulations
Crew training
Exhibition
Air racing
Market surveys
Operating amateur-built, kit-built, or light-sport aircraft
Special Airworthiness Certificate, Experimental Category for
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Optionally Piloted
Aircraft (OPA)
The History!
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In 1910 Alberto Santos-Dumont was the first to offer for free construction plans.
In 1936, an association of amateur aviation enthusiasts was created in France.
In 1938 legislation was amended to provide for a Certificat de navigabilité restreint
d'aéronef (CNRA, "restricted operating certificate for aircraft").
1946 saw the birth of the Ultralight Aircraft Association
In 1953 the Experimental Aircraft Association in the United States and the Sport Aircraft
Association in Australia.
Until the late 1950s, builders had mainly kept to wood-and-cloth and steel tube-andcloth design.
Burt Rutan introduced the canard design to the homebuilding world and pioneered the
use of composite construction.
Metal construction in kit planes was taken to a new level by Richard Van Grunsven in his
RV series
In recent years, the less restrictive regulations for homebuilts allowed a number of
manufacturers to develop new and innovative designs; many can outperform certified
production aircraft in their class.
Who is allowed to maintain experimental Aircraft?
Anybody!
• Unless per 14 CFR 43 §43.1
(b) This part does not apply to any Aircraft for which the FAA has issued an
experimental certificate, unless the FAA has issued a different kind of airworthiness
certificate for that aircraft.
(d) This part applies to any aircraft issued a special airworthiness certificate in the
light-sport category except:
(1) The repair or alteration form specified in §43.5 (b) and 43.9 (d) is not required
to be completed for products not produced under an FAA approval;
(2) Major repairs and major alterations for products not produced under an FAA
approval are not required to be recorded in accordance with appendix B of this
part; and
(3) The listing of major alterations and major repairs specified in paragraphs (a)
and (b) of appendix A of this part is not applicable to products not produced
under an FAA approval.
• If your operating instructions state to maintain the Aircraft under 14 CFR
Part 43.
Should you maintain your
Aircraft?
• It is legal but………………..
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Do you have the knowledge?
Do you have the tools?
Do you have the necessary manuals?
Do you have the time?
Do you have safety in mind?
It’s more than you at risk!
Rules and Regulations, what applies
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Part 21, Certification Procedures for Products and Parts
Part 21, subpart H, Airworthiness Certificates
Part 45, Identification and Registration Marking
Section 91.313, Restricted category civil aircraft:
Operating limitations.
Part 91, subpart D, Special Flight Operations.
Section 91.715, Special flight authorizations for foreign
civil aircraft.
Part 375, Navigation of Foreign Civil Aircraft Within the
United States
This may not be a complete list of all applicable FARs.
Helpful Advisory Circulars
• 20-27G, Certification and Operation of AmateurBuilt Aircraft
• 21-4, Special Flight Permits for Operation of
• Overweight Aircraft
• 21-12, Application for U.S. Airworthiness Certificate,
FAA Form 8130-6 (Instructions for completing 8130-6)
• 43.13-1B, Acceptable Methods, Techniques, and
Practices - Aircraft Inspection and Repair
• 45-2, Identification and Registration Marking
• 90-89, Amateur-Built Aircraft and Ultralight Flight
Testing Handbook
Operating Limitations
F.A.A. Order 8130.2G, Section 9 paragraph 4104, Issuance of
Experimental Amateur-Built Operating Limitations.
a. Operating limitations must be designed to fit
the specific situation encountered. The ASI may impose
any additional limitations deemed necessary in the
interest of safety. The ASI and/or designee must review
each imposed operating limitation with the applicant to
ensure that the operating limitations are understood by
the applicant.
Operating Limitations
b. The following operating limitations shall be
prescribed to experimental amateur-built
aircraft:
(9) Aircraft instruments and equipment
installed and used under 14 CFR § 91.205 must
be inspected and maintained in accordance with
the requirements of 14 CFR part 91. Any
maintenance or inspection of this equipment must
be recorded in the aircraft logbook and
maintenance records.
Operating Limitations
(19)After incorporating a major change as described in 14 CFR §
21.93, the aircraft owner is required to reestablish compliance with 14 CFR §
91.319(b) and notify the geographically responsible FSDO of the location of
the proposed test area. The aircraft owner must obtain concurrence from the
FSDO as to the suitability of the proposed test area. If the major change
includes installing a different type of engine (reciprocating to turbine) or a
change of a fixed-pitch from or to a controllable propeller, the aircraft owner
must fill out a revised FAA Form 8130-6 to update the aircraft’s file in the FAA
Aircraft Registration Branch. All operations must be conducted under day VFR
conditions in a sparsely populated area. The aircraft must remain in flight test
for a minimum of 5 hours. The FSDO may require additional time (more than
5 hours) depending on the extent of the modification. Persons nonessential
to the flight must not be carried. The aircraft owner must make a detailed
aircraft logbook and maintenance records entry describing the change before
the test flight. Following satisfactory completion of the required number of
flight hours in the flight test area, the pilot must certify in the records that the
aircraft has been shown to comply with 14 CFR § 91.319(b). Compliance with
14 CFR § 91.319(b) must be recorded in the aircraft records.
14 CFR 21 § 21.93
(a) Changes in type design are classified
as minor and major. A "minor change" is one
that has no appreciable effect on the:
• Weight
• Balance
• structural strength
• Reliability
• Operational characteristics, or other
characteristics affecting the airworthiness of
the product
Do A.D.s apply to my Aircraft and the
components installed?
The following is from A.C. 39-7C Section (8) APPLICABILITY OF AD's:
Unless specifically stated, AD's
apply to the make and model
set forth in the applicability
statement regardless of the
classification or category of the
airworthiness certificate issued
for the aircraft.
Do A.D.s apply to my Aircraft and the
components installed?
A.C. 39-7C Section 8:
(e) Every AD applies to each product
identified in the applicability statement,
regardless of whether it has been modified,
altered, or repaired in the area subject to the
requirements of the AD. In short, either the
requirements of the AD can be performed as
specified in the AD and the specified results can
be achieved, or they cannot.
Who may comply with and sign off an A.D.?
A.C 39-7C Section 13: RESPONSIBILITY FOR AD COMPLIANCE AND RECORDATION:
(a) This responsibility may be met by ensuring that properly certificated and
appropriately rated maintenance person(s) accomplish the requirements of the AD
and properly record this action in the appropriate maintenance records. This action
must be accomplished within the compliance time specified in the AD or the aircraft
may not be operated.
(f) Pilot Performed AD Checks. Certain AD's permit pilots to perform checks
of some items under specific conditions. AD's allowing this action will include specific
direction regarding recording requirements. However, if the AD does not include
recording requirements for the pilot, § 43.9 requires persons complying with an AD
to make an entry in the maintenance record of that product. § 91.417 (a) and (b)
requires the owner or operator to keep and retain AC 39-7C 11/16/95 Par 13 6
certain minimum records for a specific time. The person who accomplished the
action, the person who returned the aircraft to service, and the status of AD
compliance are the items of information required to be kept in those records.
Why should you maintain Log Books?
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They add value to the Aircraft
They help with future inspections
You know how long a part has been installed
You know who installed it for warranty purposes
The F.A.A. recommends it, keep them on your side
You only need to maintain 1 book
After an incident, your Log Books are the first thing the
F.A.A., and your insurance company want to see
• With incomplete Log Books you will fight the insurance
company to pay your claim!