Transcript What is a farm?

What is a farm?
Peter Vig Jensen
Karsten Larsen
from Statistics Denmark
Kiev
April 2014
The standard of the European union,
Eurostat
• A farm is defined as a
Technical and economic unit producing agricultural
products.
• Crops: Cereals, pulses, potatoes, beets, rape, cotton,
tobacco, fodder crops, fruits, berries, flowers, permanent
grass, Christmas trees.
• Livestock: Horses, donkeys, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats,
poultries, rabbits, bees.
• Not included, Fur animals, (e.g. minks, foxes), forestry,
aqua culture, agricultural service.
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Location of the farm
• Every farm must have a location defined as the
municipality where the farmer has his livestock and grows
his crops.
• Problem: The crops could be grown in more than one
municipality.
• Two solutions:
1) Choose the municipality where the farm has its head quarter,
(often where the family lives).
2) Choose the municipality where the biggest are of the farm is.
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Different types of farm
• The most common case: One man farm defined as farms
where:
One man is the owner or tenant and he has the
responsibility and the leadership of the farm.
He often runs the farm together with his wife and children.
If the farm is big he might have one or more non family
workers.
In many countries such farms are often small house hold
plots.
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Different types of farm (continued)
• Special farms
1) Two or more farmers work together in a partnership.
2) State or collective farms. (Kolkhoz).
3) Private companies.
4) Farms with livestock but no land.
5) Agro scientific research farms.
6) Common land farms: grassing areas being used by
more than one farm.
7) Farms owned by religious socities, prisons, hospitals,
homes for disabled persons, schools and military
barracks.
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The farmer
•
•
All farms must have one and only one farmer.
He is the person who has the responsibility and the
leadership.
Normally there is little doubt: The farmer is the owner or
tenant.
Special or questionable cases:
Husband and wife share the responsibility equally.
A son or daughter of the farmer has practically taken over
and leads the farm.
Partnership farms where two or more farmers work together.
In these cases: Choose the person with the biggest
responsibility or the oldest.
A farmer does not work on the farm but has hired a
manager. (Rare case)..
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The farmer (continued)
• State farms, companies and other non personal farms:
Such farms should have one manager who is the leader.
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Exclusion of very small farms
• In the farm structure statistics it is normal to exclude very
small farms.
• Criterion for excluding small farms: They should all in all
contribute very little to the agricultural area and the
livestock of the country.
• EU rules:
All farms of at least 1,0 hectares.
A higher threshold could be chosen, say 3,0 hectares, if:
Farms below the threshold have no more than 2 % of the
agricultural area and no more than 2 % of the livestock
units.
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Exclusion of very small farms (continued)
• But farms fulfilling just one of these criteria should under
all circumstances be included:
a) At least 5,0 hectares of agricultural land
b) At least 0,5 hectares with vegetables, fruits and berries
c) At least 0,1 hectares with green house crops
d) At least 0,5 hectares with tobacco, hops or cotton
e) At least 10 cattle
f) At least 20 sheep
g) At least 20 goats
h) At least 50 pigs
i) At least 20 sows
j) At least 1.000 poultries
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