Transcript A2 European History

Part Three
st
1 Controversy
Why did the Constitutional
Monarchy fail between
October 1789 and August
1792?
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Assessment:
Written examination: 2 hours.
Each option paper will be divided into Sections A and B.
Candidates will be required to answer the following from
their chosen topic:
one question in Section A out of a choice of two (30 marks).
The essay questions will have an analytical focus that will
require candidates to reach a substantiated judgement on a
historical issue or problem
one question in Section B out of a choice of two (40 marks).
The question will require candidates to compare the
provided source material while exploring an issue of
historical debate, and to reach substantiated judgements in
the light of their own knowledge and understanding of the
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issues of interpretation and controversy.
a) Why did constitutional monarchy fail in the
years 1789-92?
In Section B, candidates will be provided with five or
six unseen secondary sources totalling
approximately 350-400 words per question. These
sources will be made available with the examination
paper.
The question will require candidates to compare the
provided source material while exploring an issue of
historical debate, and to reach substantiated
judgements in the light of their own knowledge and
understanding of the issues of interpretation and
controversy.
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The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between
October 1789 and August 1792?
Topic Outline
 Introduction to the controversy
How far reaching were the reforms
of the National Assembly
Why was there a struggle over the
Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
How important was the rise of the
Political clubs of the 1790s?
Was the Flight to Varennes
significant?
Why did France go to war?
How did the monarchy come to an
end?
What was central to the
breakdown of the constitutional
monarchy of Louis XVI between
October 1789 and January 1793
Assessment
Document
It was the coming of war which destroyed
the French Monarchy in 1792?
Do you agree?
The deteriorating economic climate
brought about the downfall of the
constitutional monarchy in France in 1792
Explain how far this is accurate
How far do you agree with the view that
the downfall of the monarchy in August
1792 was brought about by the Jacobin
minority? (June 2012)
What happened at Louis’ trial and
execution?
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?
A Meritocracy?
Discuss with the person next to you
Should people only get things such as
jobs based on merit?
Do we live in a society that only rewards
merit
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?
Objectives
To understand the
principles that under pin
the reforms
To research and
prepare a presentation
on a given area of reform
To make a judgement as
to how far reaching these
reforms were
The French Revolution-Controversy
Proclamation of the Constitution of 1791
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How far reaching were the reforms of the
National Assembly?
Common Principles
The principle of election
The principle of meritocracy
The principle of equality
The principle of wealth
Areas Reformed
Local Government
Tax and finance
Economy
Legal System
The Constitution
The Church (to be looked
at separately)
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The French Revolution-Controversy
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Principles of reform?
The principle of election
Local government officials elected
Under the constitution active citizens
were elected
Magistrates and judges were elected
Clergy were to be elected
The principle of equality
There was to be equality before the law
with the abolition of ecclesiastical and
seigneural courts.
There was to be equality of taxation with
the introduction of the new land tax that
was to be paid by all and based on land
values.
There was to be equality in the payment
of salaries to the clergy as great
discrepancies of wealth were evened out.
The principle of wealth
Voting qualifications were based on
wealth
Only the very rich bourgeoisie could
become Deputies to the Assembly.
Wealth ensured that the bourgeoisie and
the peasants could “buy in” to the
Revolution through the purchase of Church
lands.
The Declaration of Rights which
underpinned the reforms stated
The principle of meritocracy
Officials were elected to local
government based on merit
Judges were to be elected based on
their merits – their amount of
experience
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The French Revolution-Controversy
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How far reaching were the reforms of the
National Assembly?
In groups you will need to investigate one area of the
reforms
You will need to provide a presentation and handout that
includes
An outline of the reforms of your area
An explanation of where and how they reflect the
principles behind the reforms
A conclusion as to how far reaching the reforms were in
your area based on differences before reform
Areas Reformed
Local Government – Leigh & Mark
Tax and finance – Adam & Reece
Economy- Andrew & Dillion
Legal System –Darina & Harison
The Constitution – Matthew & James
The French Revolution-Controversy
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How far reaching were the reforms of the
National Assembly?
In pairs sort the cards under three headings
Political Social and Religious change
Then prioritise the comments
Which area of France do you think saw the
most significant reforms?
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The French Revolution-Controversy
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Some reflections on the
reforms?
 The change in the relationship between Church
& State; the Church becomes subservient to
the State.
 The change in the position of the King; he
becomes a constitutional monarch.
 The rise of the Bourgeoisie.
 The fear of the mob.
 The loyalty of the peasants to the Revolution.
 The crisis over the Civil Constitution of the
Clergy which splits France.
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why was there a struggle over the Civil Constitution of the
Clergy?
Objectives
To understand what the
Civil Constitution was
To investigate the
arguments for and
against the Civil
Constitution
To assess the impact of
this ‘reform’ on the king
The French Revolution-Controversy
cartoon representation of the confiscation
of church lands
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why was there a struggle over the Civil Constitution of the
Clergy?
What did the Civil Constitution of the
Clergy say?
What were the arguments for and against
it?
The Key Debate
Did this reform have any significance on
the course of the revolution?
The French Revolution-Controversy
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What does this suggest about how events
in France are developing?
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The French Revolution-Controversy
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How important was the rise of the Political clubs of
the 1790s?
Objectives
To investigate why
there was an increase in
discontent
To research and
investigate the new clubs
that have grown up in
Paris
To be introduced to the
groups/clubs that will
dominate the next stages
of the revolution
The French Revolution-Controversy
The Jacobin Club
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How important was the rise of the Political clubs of
the 1790s?
What reasons can you find why France became
more radical and extreme in 1791/2?
Using the extra information complete your tables
on the make up of the clubs
How significant do you believe the clubs were in
increasing revolutionary discontent?
The French Revolution-Controversy
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In pairs
Why might the King try to leave the country?
What might he hope to achieve by doing so?
Aim for three suggestions for each
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Was the Flight to Varennes significant?
Objectives
To understand the
events surrounding the
flight to Varennes
To investigate the
significance of this event
To apply documents
and knowledge to our
judgement on the
significance of the Flight
to Varennes
The French Revolution-Controversy
the apprehension of Louis XVI at Varennes
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Was the Flight to Varennes significant?
Read through the account of the flight, in 70 words
explain what happened
Using the documents answer questions1 and 2
Now return to the information –read the
background information as to the significance of
this flight
Apply this knowledge in answering Document
question 3
The French Revolution-Controversy
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The flight to Varennes
Effect
Root Causes
Causes
Major Event
The Flight to
Varennes
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did France go to war?
Objectives
To find possible reasons
for war
To investigate the
arguments for and
against going to war
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did France go to war?
Take each source in turn
 Is it in favour or against the war
What is the argument used for this?
Now look to find examples of further groups and
individuals who were for and against the war by
completing your table.
The French Revolution-Controversy
Robespierre
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did France go to war?
And what was the impact on France of this
decision?
Complete a Flow Map of events from April to
September 1792, giving a brief explanation of
each event
Use this research to complete your table on
the impact of the War
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20th April 1792-21st Sept 1792
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Defeat in Austrian Netherlands
Lafayette requests the Assembly to make peace
Louis XVI vetoes 2 laws
Journee on 20th June
The call to arms ‘La Patrie endanger…’
August 1st The Brunswick manifesto
August 10th The Storming of the Tuilieries
Suspension & imprisonment of the King
September Massacres
Victory at Valmy
Election of a new Assembly
A new Calendar
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did France go to war?
And what was the impact on France of this
decision?
Prepare your document answer
The French Revolution-Controversy
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It was the coming of War which destroyed the French monarchy’?
Annotate the source
Does this source agree?
Source APopular and fraternal Societies sprang up in great numbers during the winter of 1790-91,
generally under the patronage of Marat, and as an off-shot of the Cordeliers Club. Their aim
was popularise, amongst those who could not educate themselves. Rousseau and
republicanism. So the new ideas spread.
They would hardly have done so but for economic distress, the treachery of the king and fear of
war. ‘As things are’ wrote Cabanis, the latest adviser to the court, on the 21st April 1791, ‘and
during the King’s lifetime, no party either in the assembly or out of it would dare to propose an
other form of government. The republicans have different hopes; but as long as the King
himself is safe, the situation can be saved.’ This safeguard Louis had now deliberately thrown
away. The quite unprecedented protest of public opinion against the flight to Varennes opened
the mouth of republicanism.
JM Thompson The French Revolution 1943
Own knowledge to support the source
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The Coming of Revolution 1786-9
It was the coming of War which destroyed the French monarchy’?
Annotate the source
Does this source agree?
Source -B
Yet in spite of the mistrust of the King, it seemed likely that the
Constitution of 1791 would survive. What prevented this was the war
with Austria, which began in April 1792. This event had more decisive
and far reaching results than any other in the whole of the Revolution.
Almost everything that had happened in France from that time was
caused, or affected, by it. The war finally destroyed the consensus of
1789. It led directly to the fall of the monarchy, to civil war and the Terror.
Duncan Townson France in Revolution 1990
Own knowledge to support the source
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The Coming of Revolution 1786-9
It was the coming of War which destroyed the French monarchy’?
Annotate the source
Does this source agree?
Source -C
A second revolution had indeed occurred in the summer of 1792, ushering in universal
suffrage and ,in effect, a republic. But it did not have the warm and virtually unanimous
support that the nation had offered in the first. Events since 1789 had brought difference
and divisions: many had followed their priests. Of those who remained loyal to the
Revolution, some criticised 10 August, while others stood by, fearing the day’s aftermath.
Those who had actually participated in the insurrection or who unhesitatingly approved it
were few in number, a minority resolved to crush counter-revolution by any means.
Georges Lefebvre The French Revolution 1965
Own knowledge to support the source
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The Coming of Revolution 1786-9
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How did the monarchy come to an end?
Objectives
To identify what
happened when the Hotel
du Ville was attacked.
To research the
September Massacres
To assess the
significance of these
actions
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How did the monarchy come to an end?
The Attack on the Hotel du Ville
The French Revolution-Controversy
What
happened
here in 1792?
Significant?
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
How did the monarchy come to an end?
The September Massacres
A sign of things to come?
Where does all this leave the monarchy?
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the
constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI
between October 1789 and January 1793?
Source Analysis
Objectives
To investigate, through
sources, the factors
involved
To use sources to
support areas of debate
To come to a conclusion
on the controversy
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy
of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?
Was the downfall of the
Constitutional Monarchy
inevitable?
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy
of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?
You have five minutes In pairs
What arguments can you find in the
sources that it was the King’s actions
that led to his downfall?
What evidence can you find that the
role of religion played a part?
Which of these two factors do you
think was the most important?
The French Revolution-Controversy
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did the Constitutional Monarchy come
to an end?
The French Revolution-Controversy
Civil
Constitution
of the
Clergy
The King’s
own actions
Causes of
the fall
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
Why did the monarchy come to an end?
Fall of
Absolute
monarchy
The French Revolution-Controversy
Fall of
Constitutional
monarchy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt0yqo
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy
of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?
Some areas of debate to pursue
A consequence of Louis’ personal failings and mistakes?
A consequence of too much reform too quickly?
The result of war?
The result of deepening economic crisis?
A consequence of the machinations* of a radical minority?
A consequence of divisions amongst conservative forces?
Any other factors?
Area of Debate
The French Revolution-Controversy
Evidence for
Indentify and
quote source
Evidence for
Indentify and
quote source
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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792
What was central to the breakdown of the
constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI
between October 1789 and January 1793?
Exam practise
Objectives
To investigate, through
sources, the factors
involved
To use sources to
support areas of debate
To apply these skills to
exam questions
The French Revolution-Controversy
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