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The National Animal
Identification System: Basics,
Blueprint, Timelines, and
Processes
Prepared by:
C. Wilson Gray
District Extension Economist,
Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology
Twin Falls Research and Extension Center
University of Idaho
Email: [email protected]
Western Extension
Marketing Committee
Western Center for
Risk Management
Education
The National Animal
Identification System
• What is the National Animal Identification
System?
– A system capable of tracing an animal or group of
animals back to the herd that is the most logical source
of a disease of concern
• Can trace potentially exposed animals that have moved from
the subject premises.
• trace back to all of the locations a suspect animal has been
within 48 hours
• provide information on all other animals that came in contact
with the subject animal
The National Animal
Identification System
• Why is it Important to Track Animals?
– national plan will enhance disease
preparedness
• provides the ability to quickly trace animals
exposed to disease
• permits rapid detection, containment, and
elimination of disease threats
– This is essential to preserving the domestic
and international marketability of our nation’s
animals and animal products
The National Animal
Identification System
• Are Only U.S. Animals Affected by the NAIS?
– Animals entering the United States from other
countries will be subject to the same ID procedures
• The ID devices on animals entering the United States would
remain on the animals as official devices
– The Canadian ID program is compatible with NAIS.
• Are the NAIS and Traceability Connected?
– NAIS is designed to quickly trace live animal
movements in the event of a disease outbreak
• Traceability can be established in a two-step process
– “farm to slaughter” and “plant to retail”
– Tracking throughout the system is possible, but only at higher
cost
How Does the Recent BSE
Discovery Impact the NAIS?
• USDA accelerated implementation of a
nationwide animal ID plan
– Mad-Cow Disease is a disease of the central
nervous system (CNS) in cattle
• BSE has never been found in meat or muscle cuts
• non-ambulatory animals are banned from entering
the food system
– important to be able to quickly trace an
animal’s premises history
• NAIS should allow for this to occur within 48
hours
Who is Supporting the NAIS?
• dairy, cattle, sheep, and swine industries
have developed preliminary implementation
plans
• All other livestock are becoming engaged in
the plan
– goats, cervids, equine, aquaculture
– poultry, llamas, and bison
How Will Implementation Occur?
• NAIS defines the standards and framework for a
national animal ID system including:
– a premise numbering system
– an individual and group/lot animal number system
– standards for data and data handling
• When Will Implementation of the NAIS Happen?
– 29 state and tribal pilot projects were funded on
August 29, 2004
– USDA planned to begin issuing premises ID numbers
by the fall of 2004
• farms, ranches, feed lots, packing plants, and other livestock
locations
NAIS Timeline
Summary of Major Milestones
National Premisies System: Partial Operation
National Premisies System: Fully Operational
National ID Database: Partial Operation
National ID Database: Fully Operational
Implementation of Animal Identification Numbers - AIN Tags Available
Animal Identification Numbers - AIN used with all ID devices
Compulsory ID: Livestock in Interstate Commerce
Compulsory ID: Livestock in Intra-state Commerce
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What Will the NAIS Cost?
• Federal government may pay $165 million, or
one-third of the cost, over five years
– partners in bearing the cost
• USDA
• state governments
• the livestock industry
– Costs of the plan are
• ID device(s)
• retrofitting facilities to utilize the ID devices
• upgrades to software to handle the database requirements
– Volume requirements and technology advances will
lower costs
How Will the NAIS Work?
• NAIS currently supports the following
species and/or industries:
– bison, beef cattle, dairy cattle
– swine, sheep, goats, camelids (alpacas and
llamas)
– horses, cervids (deer and elk), poultry (eight
species including game birds)
– aquaculture (eleven species)
Three Phases of
Implementation
• Phase I
– making premises ID available
• this should be implemented in the fall of 2004
• Phase II
– individual or group/lot ID of animals inter- and
intrastate commerce
• planned for implementation by February 2005.
• Phase III
– retrofitting remaining processing plants, market
outlets, and other industry segments with appropriate
technology to track animals throughout the livestock
marketing chain
• planned for implementation by July 2006.
Implementation
• Initial focus on the cattle, swine, and small
ruminant industries.
– standards apply to all animals within the
represented industries regardless of their
intended use as seed stock, commercial, pets,
or other personal uses
– Animal ID work began with the cattle
industry due to concerns about Mad-Cow
Disease
– ID work will also begin with other major food
animals such as hogs, sheep, and poultry
For More Information
• The U.S. Animal Identification Program is
at
– www.usaip.info
• USDA/APHIS also has information at
– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/highlights/section
3/section3-10.html
Publications In This Series
• C. Wilson Gray: The National
Animal Identification System:
Basics, Blueprint, Timelines,
and Processes
• DeeVon Bailey: Benefits and
Costs of Animal Identification
• Michael Roberts: Product
Liability Types (negligence vs.
strict liability)
• Michael Roberts: Information
Management Confidentiality
• Wendy Umberger: Cool vs.
Animal ID
• Darrell Mark: Structural Issues
- Feedlot/Stockers/CowCalf/Purebred
• Ruby Ward: Value of
Production Information
• Kynda Curtis: Consumer
Driven Forces
• Jim Robb: Technical and
Pricing Issues Related to
Traceability
• Russell Tronstad: Challenges
of Adoption in Western
Production Systems
• Michael Coe: Working with
Technology Providers
• Dillon Feuz and Jim Robb:
Implications for the future
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