Transcript Result Based Monitoring & Reporting

Inception Meeting between The Zambia Ministry
of Gender and Child Development and
Gender Links
Draft Zambia 2012 Barometer : Gender Gaps
updated by Margaret M.C. Machila
Scope and Objectives
The 2012 Barometer assesses Zambia’s
commitment and performance in implementing
the 2008 SADC Protocol on Gender and
Development. The specific objectives are:
• To collect/analyze qualitative/quantitative data
to update 2011 Barometer.
• To involve various stake holders, especially the
champions of gender equality through
participatory reflections to acquire more
information on the 2008 SADC protocol on
Gender and Development
Scope/Objectives (Cont’d)
• To enhance ownership of the Barometer review process.
• To enable not only citizens, CSOs & other non-state actors
but also the Zambian Government to track benefits,
measure its own delivery on commitments made
regarding gender equality in context of 2008 SADC
Protocol on Gender & Dev.
• Based on reflections, the Government to measure its own
progress towards achieving gender equality by 2015.
The Barometer assesses the progress that has been made
since the 2011 SADC Barometer by drawing on new
qualitative information and quantitative statistics for
2012.
Methodology
• Review of key documents: such as enacted
policies, the failed constitution, the Fifth and
Sixth National Development Plans and national
budgets
• Data base from Ministry of Gender & Child Dev.
• Interviews with some key stake holders in
Government, PPs & CSOs
• ECZ Election Results (2011)
• Learning from the Challenges
• Ministry of Gender and Child Development
Article 4-11- Constitutional and Legal Rights
• New pronouncements by new PF
Govt.(progress)
• Change of Govt as an opportunity.
• Communities do not seem to be reformed. and
much more work needs to be done at the
domestic level.
• Grassroots lack education
• Current constitution still does not support
gender- Article 23 compromises gender
equality
• Draft Constitution progressive
Legal/Const. Rights
• Many law reviews have taken place to
domesticate laws but implementation is
lacking.
• -Anti-Gender Based Violence Act (2010) in place
• -Penal Code Act (2005) (Amendment) has been
done. The penal code now mentions violence
against women.
• - Education Act- mentions traditional marriage
as an offence for school going children below
the age of 16(inclusive).
Legal/Const. Rights
• Zambia discriminates against women
• Cultural practices still promote minority status of women
• Women not in strategic positions like cabinet, parliament,
local government.
• Currently gender issues isolated and not mainstreamed in
various public and private decision making structures.
• More affirmative action/ implementation and integration
into the mainstream decision making structures needed
• -There are some positive changes eg. Reintroduction of the
Ministry of Gender and Child Development.
• -Increasing appointments of women in decision making such
as Police Service and Judiciary.
• -Equality issue are mainstreamed in the draft constitution.
• -More advocacy to ensure positive changes
Article 12-13 Governance (Repr. and Part.)
• A very bad downward (negative) trend in the
region on women’s participation in Political
Decision Making Structures
• PPs all use FPP; No quota system.
• Parliamentary positions held by women reduced
by four (4) percentage points from 16% to 12%
• Women in Local Government reduced from 18%
to 11%.
• Need laws (Constitution) to pressure PPs to adopt
more women/to pressure structures to adhere to
• -Its not possible to have 50:50 in parliament as
women are financially insecure.
• -
• Appointments of Women to Decision making
Positions:
• The new President Mr. Michael Chilufya Sata
did not use his nomination powers to increase
the numbers of women into the legislature.
• Only 4 Cabinet Ministers
– Hon. Inonge Wina being Minister of Gender and
Child Development
– Hon. Professor Nkandu Luo as Minister of Chiefs
and Traditional Affairs
Article 14 -Education and Training
• The Education Act (2011) contains re-entry,
retention and GBV
• GRZ prioritizes education in theory but much
has to be done in practice.
• The draft constitution (2012) has opened the
Bill of Rights and education is part of the Bill
of rights and if retained, will be justiciable.
• Draft policy on adult literacy (should be
enacted into law.
• An Adult Literacy Commission recommended.
Education and Training
• The Education Act (2011) mentions early
marriages and traditional marriages which are
categorized as sexual offences.
• Some teachers abuse (rape/molest) children.
• Increased drop out of children from schools
due to GBV. Eg. Muchinga Province, defilement
case, child forced into marriage.
• Weekly boarding in rural areas recipe for child
abuse
Article 15–19-Productive Resources &
Employment, Economic Empowerment
• Women are missing in decision making within
the economic sectors such as finance,
agriculture and commerce.
• Women not in strategic decision making
structures
• 50:50 represent ion in decision making
dependent on economic empowerment.
• Few women in small scale businesses (microentreprenreurship)
• Limited credit facilities due to lack of security
(collateral) for women. Macro enterprises
skeptical to give loans to small businesses and
ask for collateral.
• -Women still not in control of productive
resources
• -Non adherence to 30% land allocation
(Landpolicy).
• Women still perform multiple roles
Article 20-25Gender-Based
Violence
• Anti-GBV Act 2010 in place
• The Anti-Gender Based Violence also treats forced & early
marriages as sexual offences and so does the Penal Code
(Ammended).
• More defilement cases and GBV cases
• Anti-Gender Based Violence Act(2010) in Place.
• Victim Support Unit are trying.
• Enforcement can be difficult especially when violence takes
place at homes and some of it is silent such as emotional ones.
• -Despite the laws, GBV is on the increase.
• - Even when laws are there, women still feel inferior and
cannot take advantage of the laws.
• -The Act will facilitate change.
GBV-
• Anti-Gender Based Violence Act(2010) in
Place.
• Victim Support Unit are trying.
• Enforcement can be difficult especially when
violence takes place at homes and some of it
is silent such as emotional ones.
• -Despite the laws, GBV is on increase/women
still feel inferior and cannot take advantage of
the laws.
• The Act should facilitate change.
• -
• Studies not documented and not analyzed.
• Not much advocacy is being undertaken on
economic empowerment of women.
• Women lack information on tender procedures
• Studies undertaken not disseminated for use (not
repackaged
• No affirmative action on land Act
• Businesses are only for the Chinese. It seems
they are more trusted than us Zambians and yet
they are harsh and women cannot work for
them.
• Most trade policies not gender sensitive
• Women unaware of lending systems/procedures
• The law provides for all the services mentioned.
Implementation is the challenge.
• Tests are undertaken @ Clinics/Hospitals but
needs a police report first.
• Women change their minds and fear to report
their husbands for fear of losing a marriage.
• Lack of shelters for maintenance of survivors.
• UTH sometimes provides services but access to
more health centers is limited.
• -Limited compensation of victims of GBV.
• -The offences are not included in the GBV Act.
• -Holistic system of services still lacking
Article 26-27-Health/HIV/ AIDS
• Health has personnel/manpower challenges
• Health sector is major source of concern as its
going down: Babies are being delivered in the
street
• -Increases in complications at birth
• Reproductive health and medical care for
HI/AIDS poor
• Health sector is in a mess/Filthy conditions
• Increased budget for
emoluments/infrastructure.
• Reproductive health needs increased funding
• Needs to decongest prisons and improve
nutritional and sanitary facilities
• No policies to address special needs of women
in prisons
• Situation of women in prisons is worsening.
• Services are very poor. Hospitals are not
service friendly
• Need more workers in rural areas.
• No interventions except for FBOs
ARTICLE 27: HIV AND AIDS
• Treatment, Prevention, Care & Support
Challenges
• Treatment illiteracy
• Availability of ARVs especially rural areas
• Nutritional needs--poverty
• Improved access to ARVs but not for the rural
woman.
• Sometimes, hospitals are not very friendly.
.
• Lack of medicines especially rural areas
• Impact of reducing Global Fund on HIV/AIDS
programmes
• HIV/AIDS affects performance of health
systems eg. increasing demand for services in
both quantity and complexity;
• Reduced supply of services by its impact on
Nos & performance of health workforce.
• Lack of trained human resources a significant
challenge to scaling up the health sector’s
response to HIV/AIDS.
• High prevalence of HIV related illness has
seriously overburdened health care system at
all levels, accentuating burden on a thinly
stretched workforce whose numbers are also
diminishing due to HIV/AIDS.
• Mostly women and older women as care givers.
• Male involvement in programmes still needed.
• Most care givers are just volunteers.
• Data? Information inadequate
Article 28-Peace Building
• If Zambia had a war, Zambians would not -know
what to do or where to go.
• Zambia champions other countries peace
processes.
• No Conflict Management system in place
• Zambia Plan? None.
• Inadequate information
• We should learn from those processes and design
mechanisms for Zambia.
• Only conflict resolutions are developed during
elections eg. There are Conflict Management
Committees at the District level.
Article 29-31Media, Information
& Commun.
• The Media report GBV cases but not sure if
the girls are helped by the Government
• Males are in decision making.
• Public media biased towards government and
the private towards opposition.
• -Need for equal representation of women in
the media so that both can bring out issues of
concern
Article 32 -36-Implementation
• Overall Zambia is far behind the rest of the
region and unless there is a significant effort
to scale up, it is highly unlikely for Zambia to
achieve gender equality by 2015.
• Zambia has signed but not yet ratified the
Protocol
Article 32 -36-Implementation
• Progress on gender equality and women’s
empowerment is very low, reduced by ten (10)
percentage points from 40% in 2011 to 30% in
2012.
• Zambia @ bottom in SADC region (58 in 2011,
60 in 2012 (minimal ) (SGDI)
• Overall little success in systematic
mainstreaming of gender in public sector
programs. There are no clear strategies to
address gender disparities.
• Limited Funding of MGCD- Capacity?
SGDI: Zambia’s rank
Conclusion
• Zambia has not ratified the 2008 SADC Protocol on
Gender and Development
• The trends in engendering political decision making
structures are the worst in both the history of Zambia
and the region.
• Budget 2012 not adequately engendered .
• Inadequate gender disaggregated data from sectors
to inform gender based planning, budgeting,M& E.
• Available information needs to be gender
disaggregated
• Set up coordinated timeframes for engendering
national policy/planning processes (Ministry of
Gender to lead).
Recommendations
• Intensify efforts to ratify the protocol
• Ensure SADC Gender & Dev. targets are
mainstreamed in national policy frameworks,
planning, budgeting, M&E.
• Adopt, popularize Gender-Responsive Planning/
Budgeting—Lessons from 2011 Agric and Health?
• Need more concrete baseline data (gender
disaggregated) from sectors/ line Ministries.
• Improve harmonized/coordinated processes (Cross
sector and interface with CSOs, FBOs)
• Empower Sectors, Line Ministries, Cabinet, MPs in
Gender Responsive Budgeting.
• How can MoF national planning/budgeting processes
be transparent/Participatory? Stakeholders? CSOs?
Recommendations (Contin’d)
• Take advantage of PF Govt. pronouncements,
fertile ground, window of hope to scale up
Govts commitment to gender equality (Strike
the iron while its hot!!) (Ratification-ACTNOW)
• Promote constructive engagement among
stake holders to harness national synergy
(reflections, reviews, strategic interventions).
• Coordinate/Increase information sharing for
evidence based advocacy /Training .
Thank you