Session II - Ergo
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Transcript Session II - Ergo
Anthropometry
The measurement of the
human body
Humans vary in size, strength
Anthropometric data is used
to design workplaces and
tools to fit range of human
body dimensions
History
Population differences
Ethnic, age, gender
RIT / CIMS - Ergonomic Development Laboratory
Anthropometry (cont.)
Static anthropometry
Measurement of body in rigid, upright postures versus working
postures
Does not represent working postures
Univariate data, body dimensions unrelated in space
Must make adjustments for clothing
Dynamic anthropometry / “Functional anthropometry”
Body data depends on coordinated effort of several body segments
Zones of convenience, normal working areas
Data integrated, algorithms used to develop contours/topography
Need for reliable, fast, inexpensive computer models
RIT / CIMS - Ergonomic Development Laboratory
Terminology
Height: straight line point-point vertical measure
Breadth: Horizontal measure across body
Depth: Horizontal measure from front-back
Curvature: follows contour, not closed
Circumference: closed measure around body contour
Reach: measure along long axis of arm or leg
RIT / CIMS - Ergonomic Development Laboratory
Anthropometric Design Principles
Design to fit range
Design reach dimensions for smallest operator
Design clearance dimensions for largest operator
If range can’t be fit, then provide adjustability
Select range dependent upon exclusion
implications and cost of inclusion
RIT / CIMS - Ergonomic Development Laboratory
Anthropometric Statistics
Population percentile - % of population considered
If design for mean, 50% excluded
Typically, design for 95% of population (i.e., 5% female to
95% male)
Percentiles calculated assuming population data is
normally distributed
RIT / CIMS - Ergonomic Development Laboratory
Anthropometric Design
Step 1: Static layout
Select anthropometric measures which directly relate to
design
Determine fit of design requirement (i.e., clearance,
reach, range)
Combine all selected measures in model and determine
compatibility
Select fixed or adjustable design to fit all users
• From Ergonomics, Kroemer et al., 1994
RIT / CIMS - Ergonomic Development Laboratory
Anthropometric Design (cont.)
Step 2: Fitting trials
Choose operators using anthropometric data in reverse
(i.e., 5th percentile female, 95th percentile male, etc.)
Arrange model with adjustable dimensions
Determine comfort range for each subject
Select fixed or adjustable design to fit all users
Step 3: Performance Trials
Develop working/production prototype
Obtain productivity, quality, comfort measures
RIT / CIMS - Ergonomic Development Laboratory