Physalaemus petersi

Geographic variation in Male Calls and Female Preferences

Biogeographic Hypotheses for Diversification in Amazonia

Methods

• 2,400 bp of 12S and 16S mtDNA • 48

Physalaemus petersi

from 18 sites • Outgroups: -

P. pustulosus P. pustulatus

(2) (1)

P. coloradorum

(1)

Predictions of Biogeographic Hypotheses

Results

Partial Mantel tests indicate that hypothesized refugia still significant after removing effects of geographic distance

Results

Tests of Population Expansion

Tajima’s D Clade Northern

(e EC, ne PE)

Southern

(w BR, se PE, ne BO) -0.255

-1.074

Test statistic Mismatch dist (SSD)

0.012

Fu’s Fs

-9.834** 0.036

-4.059* * = P < 0.05

** = P < 0.01

FLUCTUATE (g)

5.360

-33.183

North-South Break in Western Amazonia Physalaemus petersi; current study Carollia castanea; Hoffman & Baker 2003 Phaeothlypis wood-warblers; Lovette 2004

Photo from Batkey (http://katydid.uni-graz.at/batkey/about.asp)

Anolis nitens; Glor et al. 2001

Photo by Arthur Grosset

Dendrobates spp; Symula et al. (2003)

Results

Large Divergence in Male Calls and Female Preferences between Populations that have Diverged Recently

Future directions

Phylogeography

1. Additional sites and individuals (central and eastern Brazil) 2. Additional analyses: Parametric bootstrapping 3. Additional loci: Microsatellites

Call variation

1. Finish analysis of calls (12 sites) 2. Examine relationship between call divergence and genetic divergence among populations (9 sites with calls & tissues)

Acknowledgements

Field work - Samael Padilla - Claudia Torres Gastello Collaborators - Ariadne Angulo - Kathryn Boul - Janalee Caldwell - David Cannatella - Luis Coloma - Ignacio De la Riva José Padial - Santiago Ron - Michael Ryan Lab work - Brian Caudle - Colin Peden Funding - NSF IRCEB program Analysis advice - Ximena Bernal - Meredith Mahoney - Derrick Zwickl