Transcript Napoleon Bonaparte - Ralph Robinson: Westfield High School

Napoleon
Bonaparte
The Rise and Fall
Napoleon’s Rise
1. While in Paris, Napoleon quelled
an uprising against the Directory
• Napoleon awarded full control over
French military
2. Directory became too corrupt
• Abbe Sieyes organized a coupd’etat
3. Napoleon helped Abbe Sieyes hold
the coup
4. New government
• 3 Consuls took the place of the
Directory
• Napoleon was 1st Consul
• Everyone liked Napoleon and did
everything he asked
5. 1802, Plebiscite placed Napoleon
as 1st Consul for life
5. 1804 Napoleon declared
himself emperor of
France
1. Napoleon was an absolutist
ruler
2. He did, however preserve many
revolutionary (enlightened)
ideas
Napoleon’s Reforms: Progressive
1. Many Revolutionary reforms kept in
tact
• Money gains from sale of church land
kept
• Peasants allowed to keep the land they
took during the 1789 Great Fear
• No resurrection of old taxes and
corporations
2. Equality before the law preserved
3. Napoleonic Code
1. Made laws clear and concise
2. Laws applied to everyone
4. Most governmental positions
awarded based upon merit, not
blood line
5. Concordat of 1801
• Ended rift between France and
Catholic Church
• Pope renounce claim to church
lands sold during revolution
• New toleration for Catholics and
Jews
• Clergy replace those who were
disposed by the Revolution
Napoleon’s Reforms: Regressive
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Women denied equal status
Press and speech censored
Some imprisoned without a trial
Lack of democratic practice
New imperial nobility created
Nepotism in conquered territories
Napoleon’s Wars
1. War of the Second Coalition (17991801)
• France gained Italian and German lands
• Britain isolated
2. War of the Third Coalition (1805-1807)
• France tried (and failed) to invade Britain
• Gained Austrian lands
• Russia accepted Napoleons acquisitions
Confederation of the Rhine established
Continental System created
Napoleon’s Grand Empire Solidified
3. Peninsular War (1808-1814)
• Spain revolted against France
• Used Guerrilla Warfare
• Aided by Britain
4. War of Liberation (1809)
• Austria tried to repel France but
lost
5. Russian Campaign (1812)
1. Russia withdrew from
Continental System
2. France invaded Russia
3. Russia used Scorched-Earth
strategy
4. Napoleon overextended himself
and lost a large portion of his
army
6. War of the Fourth Coalition (18131814)
• Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Austria
vs France
• Napoleon driven back
• Battle of Leipzig (largest battle
fought in history thus far) destroyed
most of Napoleon’s Grand Army
• Napoleon’s Generals surrendered
• Napoleon defeated
First Treaty of Paris: 1814
• France had to return all lands taken since
1792
• Napoleon abdicated
• Louis XVIII (bourbon) restored to throne
• Charter of 1814 set up constitutional
monarchy
• No reparation payments
100 Days
• Napoleon escaped his exile on the island
of Elba (1815)
• He returned and ruled France for 100
Days
– The French took him back
– Louis XVIII fled
• Coalition forces defeated Napoleon at
Waterloo
– Napoleon exiled to St Helena
nd
2
treaty of Paris
Louis XVIII returned
France lost more territory
France had to pay indemnities
Congress of Vienna
• Large powers met 1814-1815
• Goal was to decide how to prevent
a repeat of the French Revolution
and Napoleon
• Dominated by Conservative
views…