Transcript Injuries to Muscle, Bones & Joints

BODY FRAMEWORK
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Bones 206/ cartilage
Appendicular Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Muscles over 600 contract and
expand
Tendons connect muscles
Ligaments connect bones and joints
Joints provide ROM
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Functions of
Musculoskeletal System
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Support the body with a rigid
structure for attachment of body
parts
Provide bodies shape
Allow for body movement
Provide protection for the vital
organs
Produce blood cells in the bone
marrow
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INJURIES TO
EXTREMITIES
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Fractures- Open or Closed, chip,
crack, complete break
Greenstick fractures
Dislocations- joints
Sprains- to bones at the joint,
tearing of ligaments
Strains- to muscles
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SYSTEM
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SPRAINS and STRAINS
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A twisted ankle etc. is
a sprain
Muscle tears, pulls,
etc. are strains
Both involve injured
tissues
Blood and fluids seep
from the torn blood
vessels
Ice for first 48-72 hours
then heat
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Swelling occurs at site
of injury
 Applying ice or cold
pack constricts blood
vessels
 Slows bleeding
 Reduces swelling
 Cold deadens nerve
endings and relieves
pain
 Heat speeds up
chemical reactions for
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healing
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Causes of Injuries
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Direct force
Indirect force
Twisting force
Osteoporosis
Bone Cancer
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Falls
Struck by or
thrown against
an object
Caught or
twisted arms or
legs,hands, or
feet
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OPEN FRACTURES
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Most dangerous type of fracture
Occurs when an arm or a leg
bends in such a way that bone
ends tear through the skin
Life threatening
Severe bleeding, severed artery,
risky infections, breathing
problems
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Signs and Symptoms of
Injury to Bones and Joints
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Pain
Swelling
Deformity
Discoloration
Loss of use
Tenderness and
pain, numbness
Exposed bone
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Exposed bone
Loss of distal
pulse
Numbness and
tingling
Patient heard
sound of bone
break,
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TOTAL PATIENT CARE
Priority of Care
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Patient Assessment
Skull
Pelvis
Thigh
Rib Cage
Any extremity injury
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Care For Fractures
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Perform assessment and
prioritize injuries
Cut away clothing to expose
injury site
Immobilize the extremity
Apply a cold pack to the site
Care for shock
INJURIES TO
Maintain body
temperature
MUSCULOSKELETAL
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SYSTEM
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SPLINTING
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Splint only if the victim must be
moved
Only if you can do it without causing
more pain
Splint injury in the position found
Support injured area
Splint above and below injury with
triangular bandage
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Check for circulation
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Types Of Splints
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Anatomical
Rigid
Soft
Horseshoe
Sling
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Causes of Spinal Cord
Injuries
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Motor Vehicle Accidents
Falls
Acts of Violence
Sports Injuries
Other
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When To Suspect Head
and Spine Injuries
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A fall from a height greater than victim’s
Diving accident
Person found unconscious
Injury involving severe blunt force to head or trunk
Penetration injury to head or trunk, gunshot wound
etc.
Victim not wearing seat belt
Victim thrown from moving vehicle
Victims helmet is broken
Lightening strikes
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SPINAL COLUMN
INJURIES
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Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 4
Intervertebral
Disks
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Injuries to any of
these structures
can paralyze or kill
These bones
support head and
trunk
Nerves extend to
body through
openings in
vertebrae
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Signals of Head and
Spine Injuries
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Changes in
consciousness
Severe pain or
pressure in head, neck,
or back
Tingling or loss of
sensation
Partial or complete
loss of movement
Unusual bumps or
depressions on the
head
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Blood or other fluids in
ears or nose
Heavy external
bleeding of the head,
neck, or back
Seizures
Impaired breathing or
vision
Nausea or vomiting
Persistent headache
Loss of balance
Bruising of the head
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Care For Head Injuries
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Maintain open airway, jaw thrust
Check ABC’s and Severe bleeding
Minimize movement of the head and spine
Place victim in resting position
Reassure victim
Maintain victims body temperature
Provide care for shock
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Splinting Common
Fractures
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Pelvic girdle
Femur
Elbow
Shoulder
Wrist/Hand
Ankle
Forearm
Rib Cage
Finger
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Anatomical
Rigid
Soft
Sling
All splints are a
combination of
the above
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ANATOMIC SPLINT
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Support injured
 Place uninjured
area above and
area next to
below the site of
injured area
injury
 Tie triangular
Check for feeling
bandages
warmth and color
securely
Place several
folded triangular
 Recheck for
bandages above
feeling warmth
and below the
and color
injured area
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Soft Splint
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Support the injured  Gently wrap a
area above and
soft object
below the site of
around the
the injury
injured area
Check for feeling
 Tie triangular
warmth and color
bandages
Place several
securely
folded triangular
bandages above
 Recheck for
and below the
feeling warmth
injured area
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and color
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SLING
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Support the injured  Tie ends of sling
at side of neck
area above and
below the site of
 Bind injured
the injury
area to chest
Check for feeling,
with folded
warmth, and color
triangular
bandage
Place triangular
bandage under
 Recheck for
injured arm and
feeling, warmth
over uninjured
and color
shoulder to form INJURIES
a
TO
MUSCULOSKELETAL
sling
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RIDGID SPLINT
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SUPPORT THE
INJURED AREA ABOVE
AND BELOW THE SITE
OF INJURY
CHECK FOR FEELING
WARMTH AND COLOR
PLACE RIDGID SPLINT
(BOARD ETC) UNDER
THE INJURED AREA
AND THE JOINTS
ABOVE AND BELOW
THE INJURED AREA
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TIE SEVERAL FOLDED
TRIANGULAR
BANDAGES ABOVE
AND BELOW THE
INJURED AREA
RECHECK FOR
FEELING, WARMTH
AND COLOR
If a rigid splint is used
on the forearm, you
must also immobilize
the elbow, use a sling
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VOCABULARY
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BONES
 SPRAIN
MUSCLES
 DISLOCATION
HARD TISSUE
 DEFORMITY
LIGAMENTS
 PAIN
TENDONS
 SWELLING
JOINTS
 DISCOLORATION
CARTILIDGE
 STRAIN
CONTRACTION
 R I C E
EXTENSION
 SPLINT
VERTEBRAE/COLUMN
 RIDGID
SPINAL CORD/BRAIN
 SOFT
FRACTURE
 ANATOMICAL
OPEN/CLOSED FRACTURE
 SLING
LIFE THREATENING INJURIES
 TO
HORSESHOE
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VOCABULARY
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IMMOBILIZING
SUPPORTING
GREEN STICK FRAC.
APPENDICULAR
AXIAL
DIZZY
HEADACHES
NAUSEA
VOMITING
DISORIENTATION
PARALYSIS
SEIZURE
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PELVIC GIRDLE
FEMUR
ELBOW
SHOULDER
WRIST/HAND
ANKLE
FOREARM
RIBCAGE
FINGER
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