Transcript Tidal Energy - School District 67 Okanagan Skaha

Hydroelectricity
http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/qa/105-10focus/focus.html
Method of Using
Hydroelectricity
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Dams trap river water in
a reservoir
The moving water turns
turbines
Electricity is produced by
generator
http://www.energy.ca.gov/education/story/story-html/chapter06.html
Hydroelectricity
http://wwwga.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
Impacts of Hydroelectricity (1/3)
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Atmosphere
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Greenhouse gas from decay of biomass in reservoir
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More for shallow reservoirs
Vegetations removal  less CO2-O2 Exchange
Bodies of water change climate
Lithosphere
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Water causes changes in landscape
Silting up of reservoirs
Less deposition in lower river
Impacts of Hydroelectricity (2/3)
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Hydrosphere
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http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/qa/105-10focus/focus.html
Slows water movement
Reduce flow of water
Affects temperature of
water
Water level fluctuate with
electric demands
Impacts of Hydroelectricity (3/3)
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Biosphere
Prevents fish from spawning
 Creates and destroys habitats
 Reservoir may promotes water related disease
 Provides usable water
 Loss of plants
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To ratify the impact
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Removal of dams
Build smaller dams
Divert water through pipes to generator instead
Fish ladders
Examples
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Poorly managed
Costa Rica
 Balbina Shallow resourvior
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Reference for Hydroelectricity
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http://www.energy.ca.gov/education/story/storyhtml/chapter06.html
http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/qa/105-10focus/focus.html
http://www.saintmarys.edu/~rtarara/ENERGY_PROJECT/hy
dro.htm
http://www.bchydro.com/education/47/module6/a_small_hydro.html
http://wwwga.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_
133115.htm
Tidal Energy
La Rance
Tidal Energy
How It Works:
 A dam stretched across a tidal basin allow
the tide to flow into the basin through a
sluice.
 The elevated water in the basin is utilized
for electricity by producing mechanical
energy over water wheels.
Tidal Energy
Pros
 Predictable, reliable
 Sustainable
 Widely available
 Few greenhouse gas emissions
Cons
 Variable power throughout day
 Expensive
 Potential negative impact on estuaries and
shorelines
Tidal Energy
Effects on Biosphere:
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Interruption of ocean wildlife
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Potential destruction of estuaries
Effects on Atmosphere:
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Less gas exchange if marine plants affected
Effects on Lithosphere
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Potential to change shorelines
Effects on Hydrosphere
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Disruption of water flow
Tidal energy
Solar Energy
http://www.eren.doe.gov/pro/images/femp.jpg
Method of Using Solar Energy
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Photovoltaic cells
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Makes up of
semiconductors
Produces energy when
sunlight hits its surface
Solar Thermal Electricity
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Uses mirror to reflect
sunlight to a central
receiver
Heat is used to generate
electricity
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Fluid circulated to drive a
generator
•http://www.solardev.com/SEIA-makingelec.php
Solar Thermal Heater
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Solar collector absorbs
heat from sunlight
Solar collector then heats
the air or water
http://www.irish-energy.ie/abouten/main3l.html
Impacts of solar energy
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Atmosphere
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Lithosphere
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No impacts
Hydrosphere
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No impacts
No impacts
Biosphere
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No impacts
Indirect cost of solar energy
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Battery production
Panel production uses up resources
Uses of land spaces
Reference for Solar Energy
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http://www.eren.doe.gov/pro/images/femp.jpg
http://www.solardev.com/SEIA-makingelec.php
http://www.irish-energy.ie/abouten/main3l.html
Wind Energy
Wind Power-How it is
generated
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Turbine blades
rotate when wind
hits them which
causes a rotor to
turn and then drives
an electrical
generator
Wind Power-Impacts
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Atmosphere
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NONE, Wind power does not polute the
atmosphere
Lithosphere
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Wind turbines have to be anchored to the ground
which could impact soil structure
Wind Power-Impacts
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Hydrosphere
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None
Biosphere
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The building of wind turbines could result in less
habitat for animals and plants
Wind Energy
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Wind Energy is a renewable source of energy
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Wind energy is the fastest growing energy
source on earth
Management of Wind Energy
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Wind turbines should be used where there is
plenty of wind
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More wind turbines should be built because the
resource is currently not being used as well as it
could be
Wind Energy Poorly Managed
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The United States has the wind energy
potential to supply one and a half times the
current electricity consumption but only a
very small amount electricity is generated by
wind
Wind Energy-Well Managed
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In Europe wind energy capacity has increased by
40% in the last six years and there is currently
enough wind electricity to meet the needs of 5
million people and by 2010 there should be enough
for 75 million
Geothermal Power
Geothermal Power-How It Works
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Water travels
through pipes deep
into the Earth’s
surface where the
temperature is
hotter, the water
than turns to steam
which drives the
turbine
Geothermal Power -Impacts
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Atmosphere
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geothermal plants emit carbon dioxide
Lithosphere
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geothermal plants require pipes to be dug through
soil and rock to get deep into the earth’s surface
Geothermal Power-Impacts
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Hydrosphere
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Geothermal plants require the use of water in order
to produce electricity
Biosphere
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The Building of geothermal plants could result in
less habitat for animals
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Management of Geothermal
Energy
Buil geothermal plants in areas where heat
from magma is closer to the surface of the
earth so that it is easier to generate electricity
Geothermal Energy-Well Managed
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In the Philippines geothermal power provides
27% of the nations total electrical generation
Nuclear Energy
Three Mile Island
Nuclear Energy
How It Works:
 Uranium atoms are bombarded with
neutrons causing fission.
 Neutrons from the split uranium atoms
collide with other atoms
 The energy from fission heats water
 Hot water is used to spin turbines
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy
Benefits:
 Few greenhouse gas emissions
 High energy yield compared to fossil fuels
Consequences:
 High cost of repairing aging plants
 High cost of plant shutdowns
 Radioactive waste
Nuclear Energy
Effects on Biosphere:
 Accidents may expose living things to radiation
Effects on Atmosphere:
 None
Effects on Lithosphere
 None
Effects on Hydrosphere
 Water diverted to plant for harnessing energy