Transcript Document

Grammar focus
How do you study for a test?
I study by listening to tapes.
How do you learn English?
I learn by studying with a group.
Do you learn English by reading aloud?
Yes, I do.
by doing sth: 当你询问怎样做某事或告诉别人怎样做某事
时,常用此形式,表示“通过…方式、方法”或“借助某种手
段”。
eg. How does he make a
living? He lives by writing.
他怎样谋生呢？
他以写作为生。
By
working hard I made great progress this term.
通过刻苦努力，我在本学期取得了巨大的进步。
Explanation
1. by 的用法
by 是介词，表示“通过… …方法或途径”的意思，by
后面可以加名词或动名词短语。
E.g. The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。
travel by air / land / sea 航空（陆路、航海）旅行
go by train / boat / bus 乘火车（船，公共汽车）去
shake somebody by the hand 和某人握手
I study English by watching English movies. 我通
过看英文电影学英语。
另外，by作为介词还有其他一些用法：
（1）表示“在… …旁边、靠近”
E. g. There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个
电厂。
（2）表示“沿着、经由”
E. g. come by the highway 由公路来
（3）表示“由于”
E. g. by mistake 由于差错
（4）表示“被、由”
E. g. some articles written by Luxun. 一些由鲁迅写的
文章
（5）表示“面积”
E. g. a room 5m,by4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间
（6）表示“逐批”
E. g. One by one 一个接一个
• 2. “How” questions
How 引导特殊疑问句，有两种含义
（1）表示问候
eg. How do you do ?
How are you ?
How’s everything going ?
（2）表示“怎样”
eg. How is your new house ?
你的新房子怎么样？
It’s great.
它太棒了。
How do you learn English ?
你是怎样学英文的？
I learn English by reading lots of English magazi
nes.
我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。
• 请同学们注意how和what引导的疑问句是不一样
的，不能混淆。
how通常对程度或方式进行提问，意为“怎么
样”，回答通常做状语或表语，what 常对动作的
发出者或
接受者进行提问，意为“什么”，回答通常主语
或宾语。
试比较：
（1）
How is your summer holiday ? It is perfect. （表
程度，表语）
（2）How did you travel around the world ?
I travelled by bike. （表方式，状语）
（3）What do you learn at school ?
I learn Chinese , English , Maths and other su
bjects.（学习的科目，做宾语）
•
3. 在这一单元中出现的话题是“讨论如何学
习”。这个话题既有趣又实用，既能锻炼我们的
口语表达能力，又能使我们学到一些实用的方法，
对自身的学习大有帮助。如何向别人请教学习方
法呢？又如何回答呢？
请诵读下面的目标句型：
How do you study English ? （运用特殊疑问
句）
I study by listening to cassetts. （听录音带）
I study by studying with a group. （和小组一
起学习）
by watching English programs on TV. （看英
语电视节目）
by enjoying English songs. （听英文歌）
by taking part in English classes after school .
（上课外英语班）
by getting an English tutor. （请英语家教）
•
by reading English magazines and newspaper . （读英文
杂志、报纸）
by surfing the internet. （网上冲浪）
by making flashcards. （制作单词认读卡片）
by reading the textbook. （读教科书）
by asking the teacher for help. （请教老师）
by making vocabulary lists. （列单词表）
by taking notes carefully . （认真记笔记）
by having the English class carefully . （认真上课）
by finishing my homework seriously . （认真完成作业）
Do you learn English by …? （用一般疑问句）
Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.
Have you ever studied with a group ? （用完成时态）
Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way.
What about listening to cassettes ? ［用what about ＋动
名词 提问］
I do that sometimes. I think it helps.
• 4. 学会评价各种学习方法的优劣
（Comment on the ways of learning English）
看到了上面各种各样的学习方法，有些眼花缭乱。其实，
并不是所有的方法都适合自己。我们要学会判
断、评价，然后才能选择最适合自己的
用哪些语言才能表达自己的评价呢？请看下面的目标句型：
I think studying English by …is…because …
如：
I think studying English by working with a group is a good w
ay because you can ask
others when you have questions.
I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have
to use a computer and always
waste your time.
…
这个句型较长是个复合句，出现了由because 引导的原因
状语从句。进入初三后，我们在写作表达时，
要避免再使用仅仅由because 引导的句子，而要写完整的句
子。
如：不能写Because I slept late . 意思不完整，不清晰
要写成I missed the early bus because I slept late .
这样，有原因，有结果，才是完整的句子。
•
5. 找出自己在英语学习中的困难
（Find out your own difficulties in learning English）
要选择适合自己的学习方法，还必须清楚自己的困
难所在，然后才能有的放矢。
learning English can be difficult . What things are
difficult for you ?
我们如何来表达自己学习与遇到的困难呢？如何给
出建议呢？
请诵读下面的目标句型：说出困难：
I have a problem . I can’t remember the new word
s.
I can’t pronounce some of the words.
I can’t understand spoken English .
I always make mistakes in grammer.
I read very slowly.
I don’t know how to speak English well.
•
给出建议：
You should read English aloud.
Listening can help.
Why don’t you join an English language
club to practice speaking.
Would you mind remembering new wor
ds by flashcards.
Please try to talk with your friends in En
glish as much as possible.
（请注意不同句式的运用）
• 6. 选择适合自己的学习方法
（Choose your suitable learning ways）
通过以上各个环节的学习，我们终于可以完成最
后的目标－－选择适合自己的方法。
如何表达呢？目标句型如下：（注意要给出原因，
练习使用because）
I (don’t) think I can study English by … , because
…
（1）
I think I can study English by listening to English s
ongs because I love music too.
（2）
I don’t think I can get an English tutor because I w
ant to learn by myself at home.
找到适合自己的方法，写出至少五句。
Exercise
• 用所给的词的正确形式填空。
1. Have you ever __read__ (read) newspapers or magazines?
2. Do you learn English by __asking (ask) friends for help?
3. He came to China __to study
(study) Chinese history.
4. It is too hard __to learn____(learn) a foreign language.
5. What about ___going____ (go) out for a walk?
6. What is the best way __to study_____( study) physics?
7. I am doing a survey about __learning__ (learn ) English.
8. He enjoys _helping_____(help) others in trouble.
9. He is afraid ___to go _____(go) out by himself.
10. He has trouble __working__(work) out the math problem.
11. We were very __excited___ (excite) when we heard the
good news.
12. We never study grammar because it’s too__boring__(bore).
13. Joe is quite strange. He often answers the questions
___differently___(different)
14. Can you find any ____differences___(different)in the
pictures.
15. I am ____different___(different) from my brother.
16. The two boys have ___disagreements___(disagree) on
the problem.
17. It ‘s ___unimportant___(important ) for me to know his
story, because I don’t know him.
18. The homework is too ____difficult___. (difficult)
19. Do you have any __difficulties__-(difficulty) in learning
English.
20. He does his homework instead of _watching_(watch) TV.
• 翻译词组
1. 听录音带 listen to tapes
2.制作抽认卡 make flashcards
3. 读课本 read the textbook
4. 制作单词表 make vocabulary lists
5,看英语录象 watch English-language videos
6.朗读 read aloud
7..练习对话 practice conversations
8. 高我的口语技巧 improve my speaking skills
9.太…而不… too…to…
10.例如 for example
11.以….结束, 结果为… regard …as….
12.做…的调查do a survey about…
13.向老师求助 ask the teacher for help
14.写日记 keep a diary
15.学语法 study grammar
16.犯错误 make mistakes
17.加入英语俱乐部 join an English club
18首先 first of all= at first
19.刚开始 to begin with
20.以后 later on
21.嘲笑 laugh at
22.害怕做…be afraid to do
23.编造对话 make up conversations
24.担心 worry about
25.对….生气 be angry with=be mad at
26.(时间)过去,消逝go by
27.互相 each other
28.把…当作regard ..as…
29.抱怨 complain about..
30.把…变成 change …into..
31.尽力 try one’s best
32.在…的帮助下
33.把…与…比较 compare …with./to
34.做笔记take notes
35.突然中断 break off
36.解决问题solve a problem
37.对…感到激动get excited about
38.处理deal with
• 将下列方法及理由搭配起来，组成相应的句子
• Ways
1. by memorizing the words of pop songs
2. by reading English magazines
3. by using English
4. by studying grammar
5. by watching English movies
6. by joining the English club at school
7. by having conversations with friends
• Reasons :
A. because we can practice more and study English well.
B. because the native speakers speak too quickly .
C. because it is a great way to learn sentence structures.
D. because we can get lots of practice and also have fun .
E. because it is the best way to learn new words
F. because we get excited about something and then end
up speaking in Chinese
G. because it can help us learn new words
• 连词成句
1. study , How , you , do , for , test a
__________________________ ?
2. by study listening to , I , cassettes
__________________________.
3. you , do , by , learn , reading , English , aloud
__________________________?
4. should , find , you , pen pal a
__________________________.
5. can’t , a lot of , I , new , words , memorize
__________________________
• 句型转换
1. She found he was very clever.
She found _____her____ very clever.
2. I find it is useful to learn English well.
I find __it __ _useful___ to learn English well.
3. I was so tired that I couldn’t walk any more.
I was __too__ tired _to______ walk any more .
4. I don’t know how I can use commas.
I don’t know ___how _ ___to __ __use __ __commas__.
5. I can’t make complete sentences. July can’t make complete sentences,
either.
__Neither____ I ___nor__ July can make complete sentences.
6. I make flashcards. I learn English words.(合并为一句)
I learn English words ____by_ __making___ __flashcards__.
7. Unless you are quick, you won’t catch the early bus.
_____If_ _you __aren’t__ __quick__, you won’t catch the early bus.
= ____Hurry___ ___up__, you won’t catch the early bus.
8. He didn’t go there. I went there instead.
= I went there _instead__ __of __ __him____.