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Salerno, 15 June 2007
The Aalborg Commitments and Action
for more Sustainable European Tourism
Kirsten Wolfrath
Project Coordinator, International Training Centre
ICLEI- Local Governments for Sustainability
© ICLEI
Actions on Sustainable Tourism.
Some questions to consider
 What are the objectives of sustainable tourism?
 What concept do we follow? Can we find a balance between
environmental, social and economic dimensions in
tourism?
 What is the (national) legislative framework? What are
the local policy conditions?
 How does tourism relate to Aalborg Commitments 1-10?
 Do we see tourism integrated in Urban management or as
sectoral planning exercise?
 Do we already know cases to promote? Which ones?
 Other considerations ?
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Pre-conditions at Local Level.
How things developed in Europe
 1960s and 1980s: From remediation to environmental
protection
 Environmental problems and crises forced local
governments to react.
 Environmental legislation assigned duties.
 In the 1990s: From pollution prevention to agenda
setting
 Voluntary initiatives & commitments beyond legal
requirements (Greenhouse gas reduction, EMS, LA 21).
 Think global, act local !
 21st century: From agenda to action
 Towards an unwavering implementation of sustainable
development (Sustainability indicators, reporting &
Sustainability Management)
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Pre-conditions at the Local Level.
Realities & Environmental Risks in Europe
How things stand
Challenges and threats
despite good environmental
achievements
e.g. Land consumption
Noise & light pollution
Air pollution
Soil & land degradation
Climate change & consequences
Bio-diversity losses
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Magic Cube of Local Sustainability
LA Functions
Global Networks
The Journey
Integrated Sustainability strategy
Local Networks
Sustainability experiments
Relationships
Other spheres of
government
Community
Ad Hoc green projects
Beginners
People
Planet
Prosperity
Sustainability
Sustainability Media
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Environmental Management Tool Box
ANALYTICAL
TOOLS &
PLANNING
CRITERIA
AND
STANDARDS
MANAGEMENT
TOOLS
CHECKS &
ACT
REPORT AND
COMMUNICATION
EMAS, ISO
Environmental &
Sectoral
14000, ISO
Environmental Environmental &
Social Impact
sustainabilityp
9000
& social
social reporting
Sustainability
erformance
monitoring &
Triple Bottom
ecoBUDGET
Assessment
targets
Sustainability Measurement
Line GRI
management
ISO 14001
family of
Inspection,
Environmental &
Strategic
Cleaner
management
analysis and
social
Assessment
technology
records
communication
standards
EMAS
SA 8000
Environmental
State of the
Risk Assessment
IPPC & WM
Social
& social
environment &
accountability
auditing
society reports
Environmental
social &
AA 1000
Pollution
Improvement
Public
economic
Accountability
prevention
Management
participation
planning
Corporate
Disaster
Sustainabiity
Disaster planning
social
management
Indicators
responsibility
plans
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Life Cycle
Triple Bottom
Conflict
Assessment
Line GRI
management
Mainstreaming Local Sustainability.
Capacity Development
Local Action
Public
participation
Political commitment
Administrative capability
Capacity Building
in Local
Institutions
Global
Sustainabi
lity
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Mainstreaming Local Sustainability.
ICLEI Activities & EU Policy Framework
Sustainable Development
Strategy
Lisbon
Strategy
ca. 115,000 EU Cities & Towns
Implementation
& Projects
490 Cities & Towns
Aalborg
plus 2,500
cities & towns signed up
to
Aalborg Charter
(compare: EMAS 180
registered
public bodies,
below 10 Cities & Towns)
Commitments
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Mainstreaming Local Sustainability.
Processes
Aalborg Charter:
 Principles of Sustainable Development
 Commitment to Action (LA21)
2004
1994
Aalborg Commitments:
 Commitments to Action in 10 Action Areas
 Targets
SEVILLA SPIRIT:
 Accelerate the Aalborg Commitments
 Partnership with EU Commission
2007
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The Aalborg Commitments
8 Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economies:
We will work to...
(5) promote sustainable local tourism
2 Urban Management Towards Sustainability:
We will work to...
(2) deliver integrated management towards
sustainability based on the precautionary
principle and in line
with the Urban Thematic Strategy.
3 Natural Common Goods: We will work to...
(1) reduce primary energy consumption, and increase
the share of
renewable energies.
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(2) improve water quality, save water, and use water
Sustainable Tourism.
What should be sustained?
Quality of
Life
Economic
Behaviour
Natural
Resources
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Sustainable Tourism.
What should be sustained?
Quality of
Life
TOURISM
Natural
Resources
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Mainstreaming Local Sustainability.
Principles
Implementation?
Cyclical
procedure?
Peak
Motivation
Decline
Initiative
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Mainstreaming Local Sustainability.
Principles
Periodic cycles
... ensure continuity
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Mainstreaming Local Sustainability.
> The Sustainability Cycle (www.mue25.net)
Evaluation and Reporting
Core document:
Evaluation Report
(update of…)
Baseline Review
Implementation &
Monitoring
Core document:
Sustainability Programme
The
Sustainability
Cycle
Core document:
Sustainability Report
Political Commitment
Target Setting
Core document:
Council Approval
Core document:
Sustainability Targets.
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Tourist destination Cases:
Major Threats to Resource Base
 Decreasing forest reserves due to
forest fires, conversion to
agricultural uses
 Destruction of heritage sites and
unique landscape
 Overexploitation of coastal and
marine habitat and resources
 Pollution of water tables and
permanent destruction of
valuable aquifers
 Degradation of marine
environment due to pollution
from industries, agriculture, and
settlements
 Coastal erosion and
sedimentation
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The Tubigon Case:
ecoBUDGET 2006
Environmental Issue
Resources
1.) Potable Water Supply Drinking water
Indicator
Base year/last year
(2004)
Targets (2015)
Target (2006)
(Long term)
(Short term)
all sources tested negative all sources tested
(only available benchmark) negative
# of sources positve of Colliform
4 out of 12 sources
in Mun. Waterworks
positive of colliform
turbidity/concentration of suspended
solids (ppm)
12 Mun. Waterworks 100% of sources
sources don't meet
meet DOH standard
DOH standard (ppm)
determine baseline!
50% of sources
meet DOH standard
2.) Forest Cover
(Coastal Zone)
Mangrove forest
% of non revenue water (systems loss)
area covered/reforested
550 ha
20%
600 has
35%
555 has
3.) Forest Cover
(Upland Zone)
Timber/Fruit Tree
new # of trees planted
20,000 trees
4,000 trees
500 has.
50 has
0
increase in area covered
4.) Degraded Marine
Habitat
Coral reefs/ sea
grass beds
marine biodiversity
5.) Rapid Siltation
Quarry Materials
survival rate
# of established MPA's
5 MPAs
70%
12 MPA's
70%
7 MPAs
coral & seagrass cover
40 % cover
70 % cover
45% cover
# of species
53
# of has established as MPAs
196 has
60
287 has
54
222 has
50
0
45
# of un-regulated quarry permits
type of quarry materials?
6.) Solid Waste Disposal
# of alternative livelihood introduced
- Good built environment
% reduction of residual Solid Waste
in tons/cum meter
# of HHs (%) practicing segregation
inventory of vol. & type of materials?
0%
numbers?
30%
numbers ?
5%
0%
90% of HH's
15% of total HHs
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Timber/ Fruit Tree
Mangrove
Forest
RESOURCE
The Tubigon Case:
Measures
Short
Term
Indicator
Unit of
Measure
Current
Value
Short term actions
[add rows if needed]
Target
Frequency of
monitoring
(2006)
Area Covered/Reforested
ha
550
555
-monthly
- ID site for reforestation
- coordinate with barangays
leaders and validate ID area
to be planted
- procurement of planting
materials
- monitoring of number of
new trees planted
- monthly
New Trees Planted
#
0
4,000
Increase in Area Covered
ha
0
50
- monitoring of # of new trees - monthly
planted
70
- monitoring of # new trees - monthly
planted
- training on forestry
management
- monitoring survival of newly
planted trees
Survival Rate
%
0
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The Tubigon Case:
Implementation
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The Tubigon:
Impacts

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Created an enabling environment of appropriate
policies, procedures and structures
Strengthened capacity of institutions to implement integrated environmental
management system through procedural discipline, training and intellectual support
environmental budgeting allowed local governments to better address
local environmental issues and coordinate more effectively
Local authority acts in initiating environmentally responsible behavior
in the whole municipality as well as in the internal administrative procedures
Enhanced political commitment
Ratified priorities and targets (Environmental Master Budget)
by political body (council)
Increased capacity to effectively apply environmental management system
Achieved greater participation necessary for its effectiveness and accountability
(communication and interaction between local authorities and stakeholders)
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The Kalithea Case:
Budget Balance
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The Ferrara Case:
Indicators
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The Ferrara Case:
Indicators
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The Ferrara Case:
Indicators
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Sustainable Tourism Destinations
A Sustainable City
Creating
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Sustainable
Communities & Cities
Securing
unwavering
Implementation
Protecting
Global Common
Goods




Viable local economies
Just & peaceful communities
Eco-efficient cities
Resilient communities



Urban Governance
Sustainability Management
Sustainable Procurement





Climate & air
Water
Soil & food
Biodiversity
Health
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Thank you for your attention.
For further information feel invited to visit
www.iclei.org/europe
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Local Action Moves the
World
www.iclei.org
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