Transcript 슬라이드 1
The impact of endogenous retrovirus (ERVs) in human genome Jae-Won 1 Huh , Dae-Soo 2 Kim , and Heui-Soo 1,2 Kim 1Division of Biological Science, College of National Science, Pusan National University 2PBBRC, Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics, College of National Science, Pusan National University http:// www.primate.or.kr Abstract Results & Discussion ERVs are the unique exterior elements which had been originated from germ line infection of ancient exogenous retroviruses. They had been regarded harmful elements for human genome. However, the results of human genome project gave rise to a question why human genome allowed many ERV elements compared to protein coding regions. To reveal the specific role of ERV elements, bioinformatic and evolutionary analyses were used. Totally, 67 genes were revealed that their transcript start site were provided by the ERV elements. Among them, 23 genes have different splicing variants, 33 genes were modified by ERV elements, and 11 genes were created by the ERV elements. Comparison of ERV gene and non-ERV gene showed the different trend of function and process by gene ontology analysis. Possible gene data sets of human (28176 transcripts), orangutan (4611 transcripts), macaca (2103 transcripts), rat (9767 transcripts), and mouse (19508 transcripts) were compared for different usages of ERV elements. Different ERV elements were applied in different species for supplying the transcript start sites. From our analysis, we proposed the "remodeling hypothesis of ERV elements for host genome". During the species differentiation from common ancestor, many kinds of viral agents could invade the host genome. However, winner who survived from a fierce struggle for existence under the invasion of infective elements could acquire the privilege of using the outside resources for the promotion of their fitness through the remodeling of ERV elements. . Chromosomal location of HERV-related genes 2 Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion 1 3 GO analysis Evolutionary analysis and remodeling hypothesis GO Function GO Component 35 18 60 16 35 40 30 25 30 20 20 15 10 Retroelement Gene Fraction(%) Whole Gene Fraction(%) 40 5 Whole Genes ext r acel l ul a r sp ace t ri x ext r acel l ul a r ma ce su rf a cell cell fr ac t io n rane mem b i nt r acel ext r acel l ul a no w n u nk l ul a r 0 r 0 12 20 10 15 8 6 10 4 5 2 0 0 enz 10 14 25 ym er egu sig lat o nal r ac tra tra tiv nsd nsl ity uce atio r ac nr egu tiv ity lato ra ant ct iv i ox ity ida nt a ctiv cha ity p er o ne two r eg b in -co u d in e n l mp at o zy m g r on e a ea ctiv nt s ctiv RN ity ens a t Ap o or r ac o ly mo tiv me RN lec ity r as ule Ap eI act o ly tran ivit me r ec y scr r as ep t ipti e II or on act tran f ac ivit scr tor y i pt a tra i c on ti v nsc ity fac n uc rip to r leo tion act b as co f tra iv i e\, nsl ty act n uc atio or in t leo act nr rac sid iv i e p e n r es ty e\, llu eu r l s nu c a o o r tr r ac tra leo ans nsm tiv tid p or ity itte ea ter nd r tr a n uc an s ctiv po r leic ity ter aci act dt ivit ran p ep y s tid aux e tr p orte ilia r ac ans ry ... po r tra nsp ter car ort act b oh iv i pro yd r ty t ein ate act tra ns p ivit cha o rt y n ne e ra l/p cti v g lu ore tath ity cl a car ss ion rie tran r ac e re sp o tiv du c ity rte tas r ac e (N tivi AD ty PH ) ac iso tiv lip pre ity op o no i ly s db acc ind har n eu ing ide rot r an bin sm din itte g rb am in d i no in g aci db ind o do ing ran t bi nd i o xy ng gen p ho b in p yr d in sph ido g xal ate b in ph o d in s ph g ate b in d in ant g i ge nb ind s ing t er o cal id ciu bin m g ly ox a din cos g l ate am b in in o h is d in g ly ton g can ed eac b in ly s ety d in ine las g -ke ea sm to g ctiv all lu t pro ity lig ar a tein ase te r co n act edu iv i ju g cta ty atin se a ge ctiv n zy ity me a tra ctiv nsf ity er a se a ctiv ity 50 Whole Gene Fraction(%) 30 45 Retroelement Gene Fraction(%) 50 Whole Genes Retroelements Fusion Gene Retroelements Fusion Gene GO Function 18 16 Whole Gene Fraction(%) 30 14 25 12 20 10 15 8 6 10 4 5 2 0 enz ym er egu sig lat o nal r ac tra tra tiv nsd nsl ity uce atio r ac nr egu tiv ity lato ra ant ct iv i ox ity ida nt a ctiv cha ity p er o ne two r eg b in -co u la d in enz mp t g y o me r ac on e act tiv nt s RN ity iva ens to r Ap o r act o ly mo iv i me RN lec ty r as ule Ap eI act o ly tran ivit me r ec y scr r as e p to ipti e II r on act tran f ac ivit scr tor y i pt act tra io n i vi nsc fac ty n uc rip t or leo tion act b as co f tra iv i e\, nsl ty act n uc atio or in t leo act nr rac sid iv i epr ellu n eu ty e\, e s lar so r nu c rot tra r an act leo nsp sm iv i tid ort ty itte ea er a nd r tr n uc an s ctiv po r leic ity ter aci act dt ivit ran p ep y s tid aux e tr p orte ilia r ans ry po r ac... tra nsp ter car o a b oh ctiv rt p yd r rot ity ein ate act tra ns p ivit cha o rt y n ne er l / a p cti v g lu ore tath ity cl a car ss ion r ier tran e re act sp o du c iv i rte ty tas r ac e (N tivi AD ty PH ) ac iso tiv lip pre ity op o no i ly s db acc ind har n eu ing ide rot r an bin sm din itte g r bin am din i no g aci db ind o do ing ran t bi nd i o xy ng gen p ho b in p yr d in sph ido g xal ate b in ph o d in s ph g ate b in d in ant g i ge nb ind ste ing cal r oid ciu b m in d g ly ox a in g cos l ate am b in in o h is d in g ly ton g c ed an eac b in ly s ety d in ine las g -ke e sm act to g all ivit lu t pro lig y ar a tein ase te r co n act edu iv i ju g c tas ty atin e act ge iv i n zy ty me act tra iv i nsf ty er a se a ctiv ity 0 Whole Genes Retroelements Fusion Gene GENOME Retroelement Gene Fraction(%) 35 References 1. van de Lagemaat LN, Landry JR, Mager DL, Medstrand P (2003) Transposable elements in mammals promote regulatory variation and diversification of genes with specialized functions. Trends Genet. 19: 530-536 2. Mi S, Lee X, Li X, Veldman GM, Finnerty H, Racie L, LaVallie E, Tang XY, Edouard P, Howes S, Keith JC, McCoy M (2000) Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis. Nature 403: 785-789 I N F O R M AT I O N L A B O R ATO RY