Transcript Academic Support and Your Individual Learning Profile

Referencing your Work
Dr Amanda Tinker
Academic Skills Tutor
[email protected]
http://del.icio.us/AmandaTinker
Referencing in Context
Assignment
Read and
Take Notes
Evidence to
support your
ideas or
argument
• Paraphrase
• Direct
quote
Acknowledge
sources used
• Briefly, in
your text
• In full, at
the end
Outline
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What is a reference?
Why reference?
When to reference
How to reference
• Within your assignment
• At the end of your assignment
What is a Reference?
An acknowledgement that you have
referred to (cited) information from
published sources in your own work.
In other words, a recognition that
you have borrowed other people’s
work, ideas or opinions.
Why Reference?
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Shows off your research!
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Published evidence to support your own
ideas/argument/point of view or give
examples
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Plagiarism - using other people’s work and
ideas as your own without acknowledgement
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Copyright
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Helps others to trace your information
sources
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Part of the marking scheme
What is plagiarism?
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plagiarism noun
[mass noun] the practice of taking
someone else's work or ideas and
passing them off as one's own.
The Oxford Dictionary of
English in English Dictionaries &
(From
Thesauruses)
Actions that might be seen as
plagiarism
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Buying, stealing or borrowing an
assignment
Using the source too closely when
paraphrasing
Paying someone to write your assignment
Building on someone’s ideas without
acknowledgement/referencing
Copying from another source without
referencing (on purpose or by accident)
University of Huddersfield
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Guidelines on Academic Misconduct
Section 4, regulation 3 of the Handbook of
Regulations
http://www.hud.ac.uk/registry/
http://del.icio.us/AmandaTinker/Plagiarism
When to Reference
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A particular theory, argument,
opinion, viewpoint – not common
knowledge
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Statistics, examples, case studies
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“Direct quotations” - writer’s exact
words. Use sparingly!
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Paraphrasing
How to reference
Various systems for referencing
 Harvard system (Author/Date) is the
most popular and recommended at the
University
 You need to reference in two places:
• Brief details, within the main
body of your assignment
• Full details, at the end of your
assignment
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Exercise 1
Referencing in the body of
your assignment
How to Reference:
Direct Quotations
AUTHOR, DATE, PAGE NUMBER(S)
• As Smith (2003, p.34) states, “Ikea is now the
market leader in the flat-pack sector.”
• According to Smith (2003, p.34), “Ikea is now the
market leader in the flat-pack sector”
• Ikea has recently been described as “the market
leader” within the flat-pack industry (Smith, 2003,
p.34)
• Larger quotes (3 lines +): Start quote on new line and
indent. No need to use quotation marks.
• Three or more authors, give first author surname
followed by ‘et al’
Useful verbs and phrases for
introducing direct quotes
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As X states/ believes/ suggests
/indicates/ points out / observes/
explains/ argues/ outlines/ contradicts
/ proposes, “…….”.
For example, X has argued that “……”.
According to X, “…….”.
X suggests/ believes/ observes that
“…..”.
How to reference
paraphrases
AUTHOR, DATE
The furniture sector is extremely competitive.
Previously MFI was the major player, now to be
overtaken by Ikea (Smith, 2003).
http://del.icio.us/AmandaTinker/Referencing
How to reference
paraphrases
AUTHOR, DATE
The furniture sector is extremely competitive.
Previously MFI was the major player, now to be
overtaken by Ikea (Smith, 2003).
Referencing at the end of your
assignment
References or Bibliography – what’s the
difference?
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Reference list – a single alphabetical list
by author of everything you have
specifically mentioned in your assignment
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Bibliography – a list of sources you have
read but not specifically mentioned in your
assignment
What information do I need to
include?
Name(s) of the Author(s)
 Title
 When and where it was published
 Who published it
 Web site address and date you
looked at it
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Referencing Books
Using the title page (not the front cover) note the:
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Author(s) R.R. Jordan
Year of Publication ©
1999
Title
Academic writing course:
study skills in English
Edition (if not the first) 3rd edition
Place of publication
Harlow
Publisher
Pearson Education Limited
Jordon, R. R. (1999) Academic writing
course: study skills in English 3rd ed. Harlow:
Pearson Education Limited.
Referencing Journal/Magazine
Articles
Author
Demetris Vrontis & Peri Vronti
 Year of publication 2004
 Title of article
Levis Strauss: an international
marketing investigation
 Title of journal
Journal of Fashion Marketing
and Management
 Volume number (if present) 8
 Part number (if present)
4
 Page number(s)
389-398
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Vrontis, D. & Vronti, P. (2004) ‘Levi Strauss: an
international marketing investigation’ Journal of Fashion
Marketing and Management, 8(4), pp.389-398.
Referencing a Web site
Author/editor/organisation
 Year written (or last updated)
 Title
 URL
 Date you accessed it
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For future reference, print and keep a
copy of the web site
URL
Title
Author
The Saatchi Gallery (no date) Tracey Emin [online]
Available at: <http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/
artists/tracey_emin.htm> [Accessed 20th October 2008]
Online Images
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Author/Artist/Photographer
(year)
Image title
[online image]
Available at: <URL>
[Accessed date]
Figure 1: My Bed (Emin, 1998a)
Emin, T. (1998a) My Bed [online image] Available at:
<http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/artists/
artpages/tracey_emin_my_bed.htm> [Accessed
20th October 2008].
Printed Images
Artist
 (year)
 Title of illustration
 [medium]
 Details of book
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Emin, T. (1998b) My Bed [art installation]. In: Brown, N.
and Emin, T. (2006) Tracey Emin. London: Tate, pp.9899.
References
Emin, T. (1998a) My Bed [online image] Available at:
<http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/artists/ artpages/tracey_
emin_my_bed.htm> [Accessed 20th October 2008].
Emin, T. (1998b) My Bed [art installation]. In: Brown, N. and
Emin, T. (2006) Tracey Emin. London: Tate, p.98-99
Jordon, R. R. (1999) Academic writing course: study skills in
English. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
The Saatchi Gallery (no date) Tracey Emin [online] Available
at: <http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/ artists/tracey_emin.
htm> [Accessed 20th October 2008]
Vrontis, D. & Vronti, P. (2004) ‘Levi Strauss: an international
marketing investigation’ Journal of Fashion Marketing and
Management, 8 (4), pp.389-398.
What are these then?
European Design Innovations Limited (2002) The directory of
design consultants [online] Available at: <http://www.design
directory.co.uk/> [Accessed 1st December 2003]
Heylighen, A. and Verstijnen, I.M. (2003) ‘Close encounters of
the architectural kind’ Design Studies, 24, pp.313-326
Knackstedt, M.V. (2002) The interior design business handbook:
a complete guide to profitability. 3rd ed. New York:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Makovsky, P. (2003) Flat packing: a look at Nike’s latest
generation of foldable shoes Metropolis Magazine, December
[online] Available at:<http://www. metropolismag.com/html/
content_ 1203/nik/ index. html> [Accessed 1st December
2003]
Writing Strategies and
Styles
Outline
 Approaching
assignments
 Assignment types
 Writing styles
– Academic writing and critical
thinking
– Reflective writing
Approaching Assignments
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Interpret brief, clarify task, assessment criteria
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Strategic information gathering and recording
– What do you know already?
– Where are the gaps?
– Ask relevant questions
– Consult range of sources
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Purposeful note taking –question and critique
Analyse and reflect
Plan the structure
Develop and write drafts
Ensure clear line of discussion, evidence to support
point/argument, in-text referencing
Final draft, proofreading, References
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Essay vs. reports - what’s
the difference?
Structure
Barbour and Getty Images, 2006
Essay Structure
Introduction
Main body
– Introduce topic/set scene
- Interpret question and
- Define terms (if relevant)
- Raise questions/argument
- Purpose - This essay examines…
- Brief outline of structure
- Topic sentence to announce theme
Paragraphs - Develop paragraph – discussion,
evidence etc.
- Last sentence summarises or links to
next paragraph
Conclusion
- Restate purpose
- Summarise key findings/meaning
- Come to a conclusion
- Future directions?
Essay Building Blocks =
Paragraphs
Connecting sentences/ideas =
Link Words
Reports
Clear structure, informative, factual
Concise writing style – shorter sentences, bullet
points, tables/diagrams
 Executive Summary (if relevant)
 Contents page
 Introduction and (possibly) Terms of Reference
 Main body - Use section headings, e.g. 2.1, 2.2
(paragraphs within these)
 Conclusion
 Recommendations (if relevant)
 References
 Bibliography (if relevant)
 Appendices (if relevant)
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Critical Reading and Writing Styles
Compare and contrast the 2 extracts about
Levi jeans.
For each extract, consider the:
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Purpose
Audience
How author viewpoint is presented –
balanced discussion, different
perspectives?
Features of this writing style
Use of images/tables
Academic Writing - Critical Thinking
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Evaluating arguments and evidence, e.g. for or
against, compare/contrast
Awareness of different perspectives
Selecting and referencing relevant evidence and
theory to support your argument/views and
address question/task
Questioning and critiquing – strengths and
weaknesses, asking why?
Categorising and making connections
Clear line of reasoning – planning!
Making reasoned judgements
Conclusion
Personal versus Academic
Writing Styles
Academic
Personal
 Logical
 Emotional
 Objective
 Subjective
 Passive voice (third
 Active voice (first
person – ‘It was found
person – ‘I find that…’)
that…’)
 Informal (but not
 Formal
chatty)
 Data from one person
 Wider database
 Based on experience
 Based on published
evidence
http://delicious.com/AmandaTinker/Academic-Writing
Reflective Writing - ILP and
Learning Journal
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Don’t include unnecessary detail
Don’t just tell a story
Focus on critical incidents
Step back from the situation/experience
Use ‘I’ but write in a formal (not
conversational) style
Relate to academic theories and models of
teamwork
Identify Key/Transferable Skills
Identify strengths and weaknesses
Set targets for improvement
Visual Directions: Useful Questions
Thank you!
Any questions?