Transcript Chapter 29
Our hearts where they rocked our cradle Our love where we spent our toil, And our faith, and our hope, and our honor, We pledge to our native soil. God gave all men all earth to love But since our hearts are small Ordained for each one spot should prove Beloved over all. –Rudyard Kipling 1 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 2 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Chapters 24-25 Nationalism and Industrialization Essential Question: Is all progress good? 3 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Background Who: Europeans and North Americans Both nationalism and industrialization would spread later to: Russia South America Japan 4 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Background What: Nationalism: Belief that people’s loyalty should not be to a king or empire… but to a nation of people who share common culture and history Nation-states form to: Defend territory Way of life Represent nation to rest of the world Nationalism could Unite nations Separate nations Form a new government 5 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Background What: Industrialization: A modernization process, where social and economic change are closely related with technological development. Includes a shift from local, handmade goods to production by machine. Broken into two phases: Early industrialization—17001850 Agricultural Revolution, early factories, England High Industrialization—18501914 United States, Germany, steam power and locomotives 6 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Background Where: Our Focus-Europe. Started in Great Britain Coal and iron Enclosure Urbanization Textiles Cotton from America and India When: 18th-19th Centuries (What years…?) 7 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Background How: Nationalism: After the ideas of the Enlightenment and the turmoil caused by the European and American revolutions, people looked for new philosophies of unity and progress Industrialization: New theories of capitalism and economic progress (from the Enlightenment) combined with the new scientific developments (based on the Scientific Revolution) inspired the Industrial Re The combination of nationalism and industrialization would allow Europe to become the dominant region of the world for 3 centuries… 8 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Background Why For centuries, Europe had been isolated by Asian Empires and trade systems—much weaker After colonizing the New World and experiencing the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, they were ready to upset the world balance… 9 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. The Aspects of Nation-Building… Military Identity: Culture + Language + History + Religion = Nationalism! Development Government Economy (Economic System…) Territory 10 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Nationalism and Unification Unification of Italy 1859-1870 Led by: Camilio di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Prime Minister of Sardinia (Italian Province) Rebel leader of the “red shirts” Final success come with taking Rome from the pope’s armies Kingdom of Italy declared Pope gets to live in Rome 11 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Nationalism and Unification Unification of Germany, 1871 Led by: Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia Theory of realpolitik: practical, non-idealistic politics Basically antagonized other European countries into declaring war in order to unite all Germany Franco-Prussian War, 1870 Germany defeats France in one month Second Reich proclaimed in 1871 (Holy Roman Empire the first), King Wilhelm I named Emperor What will be the Third Reich? 12 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Unification of Germany and Italy 13 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Europe After the Congress of Vienna 14 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Europe in 1871 15 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Industrial Inventions: Textiles Invention Inventor Year Flying Shuttle John Kay 1733 16 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Industrial Inventions: Textiles Invention Inventor Year Spinning Jenny James Hargreaves 1770 17 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Industrial Inventions: Textiles Invention Inventor Year Sewing Machine Elias Howe 1844 18 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Industrial Inventions: Textiles Invention Inventor Year Cotton Gin Eli Whitney 1793 19 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Industrial Inventions: Power Invention Steam Engine Inventor James Watt Year 1775 20 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Industrial Inventions: Transportation Invention Inventor Year Steamboat Robert Fulton ca. 1807 21 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Industrial Inventions: Transportation Invention Locomotive Inventor Various Year ca. 1810 22 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Impacts of Industrialization Positive Impacts Created jobs Contributed to wealth of nation Technological progress and invention Increased production of goods and raised standard of living Provided hope of improvement Cheaper, more mass produced clothing Eventually created more educational opps. Middle and upper classes benefited Laborers eventually gained higher wages, less hours, etc. Negative Impacts Rapid growth but no plans for development, sanitation, or building Lack of adequate police, education, housing Unpaved streets had no drains Dark, dirty, crowded worker shelters Widespread sickness and disease Lower life span for working class Longer work days (14 hours -6 days) Widespread child labor Factories were dirty, machines unsafe Growth of class tensions (working class vs. middle class) 23 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Industrial Impact 24 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 25 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind. --Albert Einstein Water and air, the two essential fluids on which all life depends, have become global garbage cans. --Jacques Cousteau 26 Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display.