Transcript Israel Timeline - Saint Francis High School

Israel Timeline
Maureen L.
Kingdom of Israel
►
►
An early map of Israel
930 BC to 720 BC
The Kingdom of Israel is
the earliest known
civilization that inhabited
the Israel region. A
successor state of the
United Monarchy, it
existed from roughly 930
BC to 720 BC. It’s
population was
predominantly Jewish and
was also known as the
Northern Kingdom. The
kingdom was destructed
by the Assyrian Empire.
Zionism and Arab Nationalism
►
►
Late 19th century
Zionism and Arab nationalism
are the two root causes of the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Zionism is the movement by
Jewish people to reestablish a
Jewish homeland in Palestine.
This grew popular in the late
19th century due to Russian and
European anti-semitism. Arab
nationalism started becoming
more prominent due to the new
Zionist movement.
Balfour Declaration
November 2, 1917
► The Balfour Declaration was
basically a promise made by the
British to the Jewish people that
they would be able to establish a
homeland in Palestine. However,
the British had already promised
that they would help the Arabs if
they helped the British fight in
World War I. The Declaration was
written by Arthur James balfour
(the British Foreign Secretary) to
Lord Rothschild (the leader of
Jewish people in Britain). This
became an important arm of the
movement to create a jewish state
in Palestine.
►
Jewish Survivors of WWII
►
►
1947
After WWII, many Jewish
Europeans were displaced after
being put through concentration
camps and thrown out of their
homes. To aid them, the British
government sent thousands of
Palestine-bound Jewish
survivors of the camps
overseas. They were turned
away from the land because the
Palestinian government felt they
needed to keep a demographic
balance of Arabs and Jews. In
the end, they were sent back to
post-war Germany.
Jewish survivors of Nazi
concentration camps
UN Partition Plan
►
►
November 29, 1947
After much deliberation and not
knowing what to do, the UN
finally voted to create 2 states
within the land. They voted with
a 2/3 majority and created two
separate states for Jewish and
Arab people. The Jews’ land was
about 75% desert, yet they still
accepted it. The Arabs were still
upset and did not want to
recognize any Jewish entity on
Palestinian land. Because of
this, they rejected this plan.
Despite their rejection, this is
how the world views the land as
of right now.
1948 War
►
►
A map of the Sinai Desert,
where most of the fighting
during this war took place.
1948
This war is known to
Israelis as “The War of
Independence,” and to
Arabs as “The
Catastrophe.” The war was
started by the Arabs in
response to the UN
partition plan. It led to the
termination of the British
Mandate of Palestine. And
lastly, it ended with the
independence of Israel on
May 14, 1948.
Suez Crisis
►
►
July 26, 1956 – October 1956
This crisis erupted after the U.S.
and Britain decided to withdraw
from an agreement in which
they said they would aid Egypt
in the building of the Aswam
Dam. The Western powers
didn’t want to aid them because
of their ties to the communist
east. This was an attack on
Egypt by three major powers –
Israel, Britain, and France.
Formation of the PLO
►
►
June 2, 1964
The Palestinian Liberation
Organization was founded
as an opposition party to
the Israelis in 1964. It was
founded by 422 Palestinian
national figures in a
meeting in Jerusalem.
Their two main goals were
to prohibit the “existence
and activity” of zionism
and liberate Palestine
through an armed
struggle.
6-Day War
1967
► Known as the “6-Day War” to
Israelis, and the “Arab-Israeli War”
to Arabs, this was a battle between
Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. In
May 1967, the Egyptian President
Nasser, got rid of the UN
Emergency Force on the Sinai
Peninsula. After this, Egypt became
increasingly aggressive to Israel by
putting soldiers on their borders
and gaining weapons. Israel
eventually launched the first attack
and war ensued. The result was yet
another displacement of Israelis
and Arabs.
►
A Middle-Eastern political
cartoon of the 6-Day War
Resolution 242
►
►
November 22, 1967
Resolution 242 was drafted by
British ambassador Lord
Caradon. There were two main
points in the resolution – the
first being that Israelis needed
to withdraw troops from all
occupied territories. Secondly,
there needed to be a
“termination of all claims or
states of belligerency.” All that
were involved agreed in signing
except for Syria, who accepted
the resolution in a delayed
manner.
New lines drawn after 242
Yom Kippur War
►
►
October 1973
The Yom Kippur war was an
attack on Israel by a coalition of
Arab states; namely Egypt and
Syria. These two nations
launched a surprise attack on
the Jewish religious holiday of
Yom Kippur. Due to being taken
off-guard, the coalition of Arab
states was winning after several
battles – this boosted their
morale. Their success led to a
sense of exoneration that
helped in the resolution of the
War – the Camp David Accords.
Camp David Accords
►
►
Egyptian President: Anwar Al-Sadat,
American President: Jimmy Carter,
Israeli Prime Minister: Kiryat
Menachem signing the Accords in
Washington, DC
September 17, 1978
Also known as the “Framework
for peace in the Middle East,”
the Camp David Accords were
secret negotiations made in
Camp David, Maryland. They
were signed by the Egyptian
President and Israeli Prime
Minister. There were two main
conditions – Israel agreed to
return the Sinai to Egypt (which
happened one year later). And
Both agreed to establish
autonomy in the West Bank and
the Gaza Strip (this did not
happen until the 90s).
Osirak Bombing
►
►
Damage done by Israeli bombing
June 7, 1981
This project, “Osirak,” was
originally an Iraqi nuclear
materials testing reactor.
However, once Saddam
Hussein came to power,
some questioned what it
was being used for. Israel
bombed it in 1981 on
suspicion that Hussein was
using it to create nuclear
weapons.
PLO and Israeli Recognition
►
►
1993
After a series of letters and
much negotiating, Israelis
and Arabs moved one step
closer towards peace.
Israel agreed to accept
and recognize the PLO
(Palestinian Liberation
Organization) as
Palestinian Representation.
In return, Yasser Arafat,
leader of the PLO agreed
to recognize the state of
Israel.
Yasser Arafat
2000 Camp David Summit
►
►
July 2000
A meeting between U.S.
President, Bill Clinton, Israeli
Prime Minister, Ehud Barak, and
Chairman of the PLO, Yasser
Arafat. Yet another peace talk
went on at Camp David,
however this one was less
successful than the previous.
The three leaders met to try to
establish a “final status
settlement” in the Middle East.
No agreement was met and the
final solution is still up in the air
as of today.
Ehud Barak, Bill Clinton, Yasser
Arafat
Works Consulted
►
►
►
►
►
"Palestine Liberation Organization," Microsoft® Encarta® Online
Encyclopedia 2008
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation.
<http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566844/Palestine_Liberatio
n_Organization.html#p16>
“Suez Crisis.” Military. 1997. Global Security.org 2 February 2009.
<http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/suez.htm>
“Israel-PLO Recognition - Exchange of Letters between PM Rabin and
Chairman Arafat - Sept 9- 1993” 9 Sep 1993 Israel Ministry of Foreign
Affairs. 2 February 2009. < 9 Sep 1993>
"Camp David accords." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition.
2008. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Feb. 2009
<http://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Kingdom of Israel," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2008
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation.
<http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566161/kingdom_of_israel.
html>