Transcript What is CERN - HST

CERN
What
Happens
at CERN?
"In the matter of physics, the first
lessons should contain nothing but
what is experimental and interesting
to see. A pretty experiment is in itself
often more valuable than twenty
formulae extracted from our
minds." - Albert Einstein
These are some of the early creators of
modern physics, at the 7th Solvay Physics
Congress in Brussels, 1933. Even though
Max Born said at the time, "Physics as we
know it will be over in six months," virtually
all of particle physics followed this meeting.
Ernest
Walton
JJ Thomson
The
Beginning
of Particle
Physics
What is CERN?
About CERN's Name from the Web
As an outsider, you may refer to us as "CERN, the
European Laboratory for Particle Physics near
Geneva", but for legal reasons we will always
communicate with you as the "European
Organization for Nuclear Research".
CERN staff must use the official name in all
CERN published materials.
CERN does pure scientific research into the
laws of nature. We are not involved with nuclear
weapons.
What is CERN?
The CERN convention states:
The Organization shall provide for collaboration
among European States in nuclear research of a
pure scientific and fundamental character, and in
research essentially related thereto. The
Organization shall have no concern with work for
military requirements and the results of its
experimental and theoretical work shall be
published or otherwise made generally available.
De Broglie 1949
A Laboratory for the World
The 20 Member States
Observers: UNESCO, EU, Israel, Turkey, USA,
Japan, Russia
What is CERN doing?
Accelerators
CERN Users
LHC
A superconductive
disk on the bottom,
cooled by liquid
nitrogen, causes the
magnet above to
levitate. The floating
magnet induces a
current, and
therefore a magnetic
field, in the
superconductor, and
the two magnetic
fields repel to
levitate the magnet.
International
Collaboration
LHC Experiments
Construction
of CMS
Compact Muon Solenoid
Solenoid Magnet
The CMS magnet will
be the largest solenoid
ever built
Data Acquisition
The data rate handled
by the CMS event
builder (~500 Gbit/s) is
equivalent to the
amount of data
currently exchanged by
the world's Telecom
networks
Hadronic Calorimeter
(HCAL)
The brass used for the
endcap HCAL comes
from recuperated
artillery shells from
Russian warships
Electromagnetic
Calorimeter (ECAL)
The lead tungstate
crystals forming the
ECAL are 98% metal
(by mass) but are
completely transparent
LHC and Computing
World Wide
Collaboration
Estimated CPU Capacity
Data Processing
The DataGrid Project
"DataGrid" is a project funded by European Union. The objective is to enable
next generation scientific exploration which requires intensive computation
and analysis of shared large-scale databases, from hundreds of TeraBytes to
PetaBytes, across widely distributed scientific communities.
The EU-DataGrid initiative is led by CERN
The Grid
'The Grid' Is Next Wave of
Computing, Labs Hope
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web
1990:Tim Berners-Lee, a CERN
computer scientist invented the
World Wide Web.
The "Web" as it is affectionately called, was
originally conceived and developed for the
large high-energy physics collaborations
which have a demand for instantaneous
information sharing between physicists
working in different universities and institutes
all over the world. Now it has millions of
academic and commercial users.
WWW
Tim together with Robert Cailliau, another CERN
computer scientist, wrote the first WWW client
(a browser-editor running under NeXTStep) and
the first WWW server along with most of the
communications software, defining URLs, HTTP
and HTML.
In December 1993 WWW Tim received the IMA
award and in 1995 Tim and Robert shared the
Association for Computing (ACM) Software
System Award for developing the World-Wide
Web.
Importance of Science
For more information on the CERN HST Programme
http://teachers.web.cern.ch/teachers/