Transcript Ecology

Ecology
Ecology
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Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life.
Compare the way a variety of living specimens carry out basic
life functions and maintain dynamic equilibrium.
Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical
environment.
Describe the flow of energy and matter through food chains and
food webs.
Interpret and/or illustrate the energy flow in a food chain, energy
pyramid, or food web.
Provide evidence that green plants make food and explain the
significance of this process to other organisms.
Human decisions and activities have had a profound impact on
the physical and living environment.
Describe how living things, including humans, depend upon the
living and nonliving environment for their survival.
Vocabulary
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Carnivore: Eats only other animals (meat)
Community: All the living things in an area
Consumer: (Heterotroph) Must eat food for energy
Decomposer: Breaks down dead plants and animals
for energy and gives nutrients back to the soil
Ecology: Study of living things and how they interact
with each other and their environment
Ecosystem: All the living and nonliving things in an
area
Vocabulary
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Herbivore: Eats only plants
Mutualism: (Symbiosis) When two organisms need
each other to survive, neither is harmed, both benefit
Omnivore: Eats both plants and animals
Parasitism: One organism (parasite) lives off another
(host) causing it harm
Population: all the same species in a community
Producer: (Autotroph) makes its own energy by using
the Sun’s energy and photosynthesis
Living Things and Their Environment
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Energy
Energy
A. All organisms need __________
to survive
Sun
B. _________
is the primary source of energy
C. Producers (Autotrophs)
1. Use the Sun’s energy to make their own
Food (Glucose)
_____________
Green Plants
2. Example: ________________________
Living Things and Their Environment
D. Consumers (Heterotrophs)
Food for energy
1. Require ________
Oxygen to release the energy found
2. Cells use ________
in food
Herbivores
3. __________________:
obtain energy from
consuming plants
Carnivores
4. __________________:
obtain energy from
consuming animals
5. __________________:
obtain energy from
Omnivores
consuming plants and animals
6. __________________:
obtain energy from
Decomposers
consuming wastes and/or dead organisms
Energy Flow
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Food Chain: energy flows from _______
Sun to
Consumers to decomposers
producers to ____________
Energy Flow
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Energy Pyramid: Movement of energy from the Sun
Producers consumers and ____________
Decomposers
through ___________,
Food Chains vs. Energy Pyramids
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How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids
similar?
Both show where each organism gets their energy
from (who eats who)
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How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids
different?
Energy Pyramids show energy lost at each level
and food chains do not
Energy Pyramids show the amount of energy at
each level and food chains do not
Energy Flow
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Food Web: many over lapping food chains
Plants  Squirrels  Fox
Plants  Squirrels  Hawks and Owls
Analyzing Food Webs
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What would happen to the owl
population if the frog population
increased?
They would increase
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What would happen to the mice
population if the grasshopper
population decreased?
They would decrease
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What would happen to the fox
population if the frog population
decreased?
They would remain the same
Analyzing Food Webs
Identify the following:
 Producers
Green Plants and Berries
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Herbivores
Grasshoppers, Rabbits, Squirrels
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Carnivores
Frogs, Fox, Owls, and Snakes
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Omnivores
Mice
What is missing?
Decomposers – Bacteria or
Fungi (Mushrooms)
Food Chains vs. Food Webs
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How are Food Chains and Food Webs similar?
Both show how organisms get energy (what eats
what)
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How are Food Chains and Food Webs different?
In food chains, each organism has only one thing
to consume.
In food webs, organisms may have more than one
thing to consume.
Interactions
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Ecology
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the study of relationships and
interactions of living things with one another,
together with their non living environment
Ecosystem
A. A group of organisms in an _________
area
that interact
with one another and with their nonliving
environment
living
B. Community: the _____________
part of the
ecosystem
C. Population
same species type of organism
1. Group of the ___________
living together in the same area
2. Example: all the squirrels in the area
Ecosystem
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Ecosystem: Fish tank (Sun, Water, Oxygen,
Carbon Dioxide, Plants, and Fish
Community: Plants and Fish
Population 1: Fish
Population 2: Plants
Parasitism
A. an organism that lives off of another organism
Host
(________)
causing harm to it
B. Example: harmful bacteria that make you sick
Parasite: Harmful Bacteria
Host: Human
Mutualism
A. two organisms living together so that neither is
Harmed but both ___________
Benefit
__________
and need
each other to survive
B. Examples: microorganisms essential to other
organisms, Cleaner shrimp that eat parasites off
of other fish