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CHAPTER 13 Cash Flow Statement • explains the reasons for a change in cash. • classifies the reasons for the change as an operating, investing or financing activity. • reconciles net income with cash flow from operations. Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 2 Activities 1. Operations -- cash flows related to selling goods and services; that is, the principle business of the firm. 2. Investing -- cash flows related to the acquisition or sale of non-current assets. 3. Financing -- long term and short term cash flows related to liabilities and owners’ equity; dividends are a financing cash outflow. Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 3 Classification of Cash in-flows and outflows From sales of goods and services to customers From receipt of interest or dividends Operating Activities To pay wages To purchase inventory To pay expenses To pay interest To pay taxes From sale of PPE and other longterm assets From sale of short or longterm securities From collection of loans From sale of common or preferred stock From issuance of short or long term debt Chapter 13 Investing Activities Financing Activities Mugan-Akman 2007 To purchase PPE and other longterm assets To purchase longterm securities To make loans To acquire preferred or common stock To repay debt To pay dividends 4 Format of the Cash Flow Statement Name of the Company Cash Flow Statement For the period … Cash from operating activities A Cash from investing activities B Cash from financing activities C Net Change in Cash D = (A+B+C) increase or (decrease) + Beginning Cash balance CB, from the beginning balance sheet Ending Cash balance =CB + D should equal to ending cash balance in the ending balance sheet Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 5 Determination of Cash Flows From Operating Activities Direct Method Income Statement items are converted to cash flows individually Indirect Method Net income or loss is adjusted for accruals such as accounts receivable and payable, and for non-cash expenses such as depreciation reconciliation of the accrual based and cash based accounting Only operating activities section is different between the methods, investing and financing sections are the same. Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 6 Illustration of the Preparation of the Cash Flow Statement EICC A.Ş Income Statement For the year 2007 Chapter 13 Net Sales Cost of Goods Sold Gross Margin Operating Expenses Depreciation Expense Salaries and Wages Exp. Insurance Expense Amortization Expense Operating Income Non-operating Revenues & Expenses Interest Expense Interest Revenue Dividend Revenue Gain on sale of Trading Securities Loss on sale of equipment Income before tax Income tax Net Income Mugan-Akman 2007 TL 8.750 (4.200) 4.550 TL 380 2.000 900 100 (350) 100 50 300 (50) (3.380) 1.170 50 1.220 (450) TL 770 7 EICC A.S. Comparative Balance Sheets- In TL Assets Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity 31.Ara 2004 2005 1.300 1.000 1.800 900 3.500 4.800 1.500 2.400 800 500 8.900 9.600 Current Liabilities Bank Notes Payable Accounts Payable Salaries & Wages Payable Dividends Payable Advances from Customers Total Current Liabilities Long-term Assets Property, Plant and Equipment Land Buildings Equipment 2.200 8.600 12.940 2.200 8.900 13.960 Long-term Liabilities Bonds Payable Lease Obligation Total Long-term Liabilities Shareholders' Equity 2.800 2.500 5.300 1.500 3.200 4.700 Less Accumulated Depreciation -6.240 -6.490 Share Capital 3.000 3.600 Total Property, Plant and Equip. 17.500 18.570 Additional Paid in Capital Legal Reserves Retained Earnings 2.000 100 12.600 2.100 150 12.920 1.900 1.800 17.700 18.770 28.300 29.970 8 Current Assets Cash Trading Securities Accounts Receivable Inventories Prepaid Insurance Total Current Assets Intangible Assets Patent Chapter 13 Total Assets 28.300 Total Shareholders' Equity Total Liabilities and 29.970 Mugan-Akman 2007 Shareholders' Equity 31.Ara 2004 2005 2.000 2.600 1.900 2.400 400 700 800 400 200 400 5.300 6.500 Illustration-Cash flow statementEICC Additional Information: • Company sold equipment with original cost of TL 1.500 and book value of TL 1.370 for TL 1.320. • Sold trading securities of TL 1.200 with a gain of TL 300, and purchased some. • Leased equipment in 2007 for TL 1.000 as a capital lease. • Purchased building and equipment. • Declared and paid dividends. • Common stock of TL 600 par value was issued for TL 700 cash. • Accounts payable pertain to merchandise suppliers, and accounts receivable to customers. Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 9 Indirect Method- operating activities Net income + noncash expenses: depreciation, amortization, uncollectible account expense,etc + loss on sale of asset + increases in current liabilities + decreases in current assets - gain on sale of asset - decrease in current liabilities - increase in current assets Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 10 Non-cash Expenses • Non-cash expenses, such as depreciation expense, are added back • These are not truly sources of cash even though they are associated with cash inflows; rather, this is a reversal of the accrual process that required the expenses to be recognized without regard for the cash flow Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 11 Indirect Method Investigation of Changes in Specific Accounts increase decrease Assets: If assets increased, then cash was spent, so it is an outflow. If assets decreased, then they provided cash so it is an inflow. Liabilities and Shareholders’ equity If liabilities or S.H.E. increased, then cash was received, so it is an inflow. If liabilities or S.H.E. decreased, then cash was spent, so it is an outflow. Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 12 Indirect Method-Operating 31-Dec 2006 2007 Change Accounts Receivable (net) 3.500 4.800 1.300 Inventories 1.500 2.400 900 Prepaid Insurance 800 500 (300) Accounts Payable 1.900 2.400 500 Salaries and Wages Payable 400 700 300 Advances from Customers 200 400 200 Depreciation Expense 380 Amortization Expense 100 Chapter 13 Gain on sale of Trading Securities 300 Loss on sale of equipment (50) Mugan-Akman 2007 13 Cash Flow from Operating Activities –Indirect Method EICC A.Ş For the year 2007 Net Income T L 770 Depreciation and Amortization 480 Add: increase in Accounts Payable 500 Add: increase in salaries and wages payable 300 Add: Advances from customers 200 Add: Decrease in Prepaid Insurance 300 Add: Loss on Sale of Equipment 50 2.600 Deduct: increase in Accounts Receivable (1.300) Deduct: increase in Inventories (900) Deduct: Gain on Sale of Marketable Securities (300) Net Cash from Operating Activities Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 (2.500) TL 100 14 Cash Flows from Investing Activities 2006 Trading Securities 1.800 Property, Plant and Equipment Land 2.200 Buildings 8.600 Equipment 12.940 Less Accumulated Depreciation (6.240) Equipment 31.12.2006 12.940 Leased Equipment 1.000 Equipment sold-at cost 1.500 Purchased 1.520 31.12.2007 13.960 Chapter 13 31.12.2006 Purchased 31.12.2007 Mugan-Akman 2007 2007 Change 900 (900) 2.200 8.900 13.960 0 300 1.020 (6.490) (250) Trading Securities 1.800 300 Securities sold-at cost 1.200 900 15 Cash Flow from Investing Activities Cash flow from investing activities: Purchase of building Sale of equipment Purchase of equipment Sale of trading securities Purchase of trading securities Net Cash flow from investing activities Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 TL (300) 1.320 (1.520) 1.500 (300) TL 700 16 Cash Flow from Financing Activities 31-Dec 2006 Current Liabilities Bank Notes Payable Dividends Payable Long-term Liabilities Bonds Payable Lease Obligation Shareholders' Equity Share Capital Additional Paid in Capital Legal Reserves Retained Earnings Chapter 13 2007 change TL 2.000 800 TL 2.600 400 TL 600 (400) 2.800 2.500 1.500 3.200 (1300) 700 3.000 2.000 100 12.600 3.600 2.100 150 12.920 600 100 50 320 Mugan-Akman 2007 17 Financing Activities Lease Obligations 31.12.2006 Lease Payments 300 Leased Equipment 31.12.2007 Retained Earnings Legal Reserves 50 31.12.2006 Dividends Declared 400 Net Income 31.12.2007 2.500 1.000 3.200 12.600 770 12.920 Dividends Payable 31.12.2006 Dividends Paid 800 Dividends Declared 31.12.2007 Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 800 400 400 18 EICC A.Ş,Cash Flow Statement, For the year 2007- Direct Method C ash f l o w f r o m o p er at i ng act i vi t i es Cash Receipt s: Collect ions f rom Cust omers Dividend and Int erest Revenue Cash Payment s: To suppliers For operat ing expenses For non-operat ing expenses For income t ax TL 4.600 2.300 350 450 N et cash P r o vi d ed b y O p er at i ng A ct i vi t i es C ash F l o w f r o m I nvest i ng A ct i vi t i es Purchase of B uildings Sale of Equipment Purchase of Equipment Sale of Trading Securit ies Purchase of Trading Securit ies N et C ash F l o w f r o m I nvest i ng A ct i vi t i es C ash F l o w f r o m F i nanci ng A ct i vi t i es B ank Loans Received Issuance of Common St ock A ddit ional Paid in Capit al Cash Dividends Paid B ond Repayment Lease Obligat ion Payment s N et C ash F l o w f r o m F i nanci ng A ct i vi t i es N et i ncr ease ( d ecr ease) i n C ash Cash at t he beginning of t he period C ash at t he end o f t he p er i o d N o n- C ash I nvest i ng and F i nanci ng A ct i vi t i es: Leasing of equipment Chapter 13 TL 7.650 150 7.800 Mugan-Akman 2007 (7.700) 10 0 (300) 1.320 (1.520) 1.500 (300) 70 0 600 600 100 (800) (1.300) (300) ( 1. 10 0 ) (300) 1.300 1. 0 0 0 TL 1.000 19 External Uses of CFS • To assess the ability of a firm to manage cash flows • To assess the ability of a firm to generate cash through its operations • To assess the company’s ability to meet its obligations and its dividend policy • To provide information about the effectiveness of the firm to convert its revenues to cash • To provide information to estimate or anticipate the company’s need for additional financing Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 20 Uses of Cash Flow Statement Information • pattern of cash flow statements would provide valuable information about the growth stage, and possible strategies of companies • predicting financial distress • Operating cash flows • Free cash flows Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 21 8000 6000 4000 Operating Investing Financing 2000 0 -2000 -4000 -6000 Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 22 Chapter 13 Mugan-Akman 2007 23