Transcript Chapter 13 North and South (1820

How interested are you in owning
your own business someday?
A. Very interested
B. Somewhat interested
0%
D
A
0%
C
D. Very uninterested
A. A
B. B
C.
0% C0%
D. D
B
C. Somewhat uninterested
Chapter 13 North and South
(1820-1860)
Section 4 The South’s People
How did unique elements of culture
develop among enslaved African
Americans in the South?
Farms and Plantations
• The Southern
economy was based
on agriculture
• Most believed the
South was full of
wealthy white
slaveholders
• In reality, most white
Southerners did not
have any slaves or
only a few
• Most white
Southerners fit into 4
categories
• Yeoman, tenant
farmers, the rural poor,
or plantation owners
Small Farmers and the Rural Poor
• Yeomen (Farmers
without slaves) made
up the largest group of
whites in the South
• Yeomen grew crops for
their own use and to
sell
• Yeomen lived in the
Upper South and in the
hilly areas of the Deep
South
• Some white
Southerners worked as
tenant farmers
• Worked the land for
landlords
What group made up the largest
number of whites in the South?
A. Tenant farmers
B. The rural poor
0%
D
A
0%
C
D. Yeomen
A. A
B. B
C.
0% C0%
D. D
B
C. Enslaved workers
Small Farmers and the Rural Poor Continued
• Most Southern whites
lived in simple homes
• The rural poor lived in
crude cabins in wooded
areas
• Rural poor were looked
down upon by other
whites
• Stubbornly independent
• Proud of being selfsufficient
• Often avoided jobs that
were normally done by
enslaved people
Plantations
• A large plantation (big farm)
might have several thousand
acres
• Owners measured how rich
they were by how many
slaves they had
• Only 4% of plantation owners
owned 20 or more slaves
• Most had less than 10
• A few free African Americans
also held enslaved workers
• Some free African Americans
purchased members of their
own families to free them
Plantations Continued
• The goal of plantations
were to earn profits
• Cotton prices varied
from season to season
• Cotton was sold to and
held by agents
• Agents then sold
cotton when prices
rose
• Only when the cotton
sold were planters
paid
• This kept the planters
in debt
Plantation Wives
• Plantation wives took
charge of their
household
• They watched over the
house slaves and took
care of them when they
became sick
• Wives might be in
charge of financial
records
• Often a lonely and
difficult life
• Planters often absent,
dealing with cotton
agents
• Wives spent long
periods alone
Life Under Slavery
• Enslaved African
Americans suffered
hardships and misery
• They worked hard- for
no money
• Had little hope of
freedom
• Often sold from planter
to planter and taken
from their loved ones
• Often they resisted
slavery
Family Life
• American laws did not
protect enslaved families
in the early 1800s
• A slaveholders death
could lead to a breakup
of an enslaved family
• Family members could
be sold
• Although not recognized
by law, marriages
between enslaved
people occurred
• The vows included “until
death or separation do
us part”
• Extended families
became a vital feature of
African American culture
African American Culture
• 1808- Congress outlawed
the slave trade, but slavery
remained legal
• No new enslaved people
could enter the US
• By 1860- almost all slaves
in the South were born there
• African traditions of music,
dance, and folk stories
remained
• Often slaves accepted
Christianity, but kept
religious beliefs and
practices of their African
ancestors as well
African American Christianity
• Christianity became a religion
of hope and resistance for
many enslaved people
• They prayed for their freedom
• The passionate beliefs of the
enslaved Southerners found
expression in the spiritual
(African American folk song)
• “Didn’t my Lord deliver Daniel”
• Spirituals also enabled
enslaved people to
communicate secretly among
themselves
• Often combined the Christian
faith with their earthly
suffering
Slave Codes
• Between 1830 and 1860- slave
codes were passed to control
slaves
• Slave codes existed since the
1700s
• One purpose was to prevent a
slave rebellion
• Slave codes prohibited slaves
from assembling in large groups
• Also had to have passes before
leaving the slaveholders property
• Slave codes made it a crime to
teach a slave to read or write
• White Southerners feared that an
educated slave might lead a
revolt
Which of the following was not a part of the slave
codes?
A. Enslaved people were prohibited
from assembling in large groups.
D.
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
0%
D
A
0%
B
C.
A.
An enslaved person must have
B.
a written pass before leaving the
slaveholder’s property.
C.
Engaging in slave trade was made illegal.
D.
C
B. It was a crime to teach enslaved
people to read or write.
Resistance to Slavery- Nat Turner
• Some slaves rebelled
against their owners
• Nat Turner, a religious
leader, taught himself to
read and write
• Turner led his followers on
a brief violent rampage in
Southhampton County,
Virginia
• Before he was captured,
Turner and his followers
killed at least 55 whites
• Nat Turner was hanged
• Nat Turner’s Rebellion led
to more severe slave codes
Resistance to Slavery
• Armed revolts were
rare
• Most resistance by
slaves was working
slowly or pretending to
be ill
• Sometimes slaves
would set fire to a
plantation building or
break tools
• This helped slaves
tolerate their lack of
freedom
• Resistance also set
boundaries that
slaveholders would
respect
Escaping Slavery
• Some slaves tried to escape
to the North
• Harriet Tubman and
Frederick Douglass fled to
the North
• Getting to the North was
difficult for slaves and they
often got aid from a secret
network called…
• The Underground Railroad
• Safe houses along the way
owned by those that
opposed slavery.
• Most runaways were caught
and returned
• Discipline was severewhipping was most common
Life in Southern Cities
• The 10 largest cities in the
South were either seaports
or river ports (Baltimore and
New Orleans)
• Cities at crossroads of the
railways began to grow
(Atlanta)
• Whites, slaves, and free
African Americans lived in
these cities
• Free African Americans’
lives were not secure
• Their rights were limited
• Most states would not allow
them to move state to state
• Free African Americans
were denied an equal share
in economic and political life
Which of the following was not a
large Southern city in the mid-1800s?
A. Baltimore
B. New Orleans
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Atlanta
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
C. Pittsburgh
Education
• There were no public schools, if
you wanted to be educated you
would have to go to a private
school
• Mid 1800s- North Carolina and
Kentucky set up and ran public
schools
• The South was behind other
sections of the country in literacy
• One reason was because the
South’s geography
• The South had few people per
square mile
• Would have to travel great
distances to send their children to
school
• Many Southerners also believed
that education was a private
matter, not a state function
How did unique elements of culture develop
among enslaved African Americans in the
South?
-The possibility of family separation led to large,
close knit extended families
-Christianity and African religious beliefs were
practiced simultaneously and blended
-Christianity stressed hope for freedom and
resistance to bondage, and out of it came the
spiritual, which evolved as a secret
communication methods
All Southerners owned land, even if
it was only a small amount.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
Plantation owners with many enslaved
workers were considered very wealthy.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
Plantation wives often worked in the
fields with the enslaved workers.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
Enslaved African Americans often
were separated from their families.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
The largest group of whites in
the South was made up of
yeomen.
plantation owners.
tenant farmers.
rural poor.
pl
ru
ra
lp
oo
r.
s.
tf
ar
m
er
na
n
te
an
ta
tio
n
ow
ne
om
en
.
rs
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
ye
A.
B.
C.
D.
The main goal of large
plantation owners was to
A. enslave people.
B. produce more
cotton.
C. earn a profit.
D. build a larger
plantation.
io
n.
la
n
a
rp
rn
rg
e
ea
la
a
ild
bu
ta
t
pr
of
it.
tto
n.
e
uc
pr
od
en
sl
av
e
m
or
e
pe
co
op
le
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
Who was the religious leader
who led a slave revolt in 1831?
A. Harriet Tubman
B. Nat Turner
C. Frederick
Douglass
D. Eli Whitney
k
er
ic
Fr
ed
ey
hi
tn
iW
El
Do
u
gl
as
Tu
rn
e
N
at
ub
tT
ar
rie
H
s
r
m
an
25% 25% 25% 25%
s.
iri
tu
al
co
de
e
av
sl
sp
s.
.
om
en
ye
ov
er
se
er
s.
African American folk songs that expressed
the passionate beliefs of the South's
enslaved workers were called
A. overseers.
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. yeomen.
C. slave codes.
D. spirituals.
What was the network of safe houses that
assisted runaway enslaved persons?
A. slave houses
B. runaway houses
C. Underground
Railroad
D. slave codes
nd
U
s
co
de
e
av
R
er
gr
ou
n
d
ay
w
ru
na
sl
se
ho
u
ho
us
e
av
sl
ai
lr o
ad
s
es
25% 25% 25% 25%
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
Team Scores
0
0
Team 1
Team 2
0
0
0
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5