Transcript jyk.xidian.edu.cn

• Colonial Style
• Early National and Romantic Style
• Victorian Style
• Period Style
• Modern Style
• Postmodern Style
Colonial Styles
Early Spanish,
French, English
Georgian
Federal (Adam)
Early Spanish, French, English
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• with central chimney, casement windows,
steeply-pitched roof, and second story
overhang . Other late Medieval features
include hall and parlor floor plan (bilateral
symmetry) and central chimney. Choir
lofts were often built facing outdoors for
purposes of outdoor processions.
Georgian Style
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Renaissance-inspired classical symmetry,
two rooms deep, two rooms high (Four
over Four plan), central or end chimneys,
classical detailing, transom lights, pilasters
around door. Hipped roof (British
Georgian), or side-gable roof (American
Georgian).
Federal (Adam)
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Fan light over door (almost always
rounded, rarely squared), sidelights,
classical/Greek detailing of entryway,
Palladian windows, balustrades,
oval/circular rooms in some high style
examples. Symmetrical as Georgian style.
Windows: double-hung sash windows for
first time (Georgian also).
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Early National
and
Romantic Styles
Greek Revival
Gothic Revival
Italianate
Early National and Romantic Styles
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Gable or hipped, low-pitch roof; dentil
cornice emphasized with wide band of
trim -- cornice represents classical
entablature ; porches: square or rounded
columns , first style to use gable-front
floor plan , temple-front entryway with
entry door surrounded by rectangular
transom and sidelights .
Gothic Revival
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Steeply pitched roof, cross-gabled,
decorated verge boards, pointed-arch
windows, sometimes stained glass, like
churches. Gothic window above entry,
one-story porch with flattened, Gothic
arches.
Italianate
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• 2 or 3 stories, rarely 1 story; low-pitched roof,
widely overhanging eaves; large, decorative
brackets beneath eaves; tall, narrow windows
(most often on commercial buildings), commonly
arched or curved above; some with square
cupola or tower (campanile), elaborate wraparound porch (or smaller entry porch) with
decorative Italianate double columns and other
details.
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Victorian Styles
Second Empire
Romanesque Revival
Queen Anne
Folk Victorian
Second Empire
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES: Basically
Italianate style/forms with Mansard roof!!
Dormer windows, sometimes a square
(not round) tower, decorative brackets,
molded cornice, similar to Italianate detail
on windows, doors; Floor plan often
includes pavilions: outward projection of a
building's center or side.
Romanesque Revival
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Round arches over windows and/or
entryways; thick, cavernous entryways
and window openings; thick masonry walls,
rounded towers with conical roof; facades
are asymmetrical; variable stone and brick
façade.
Queen Anne
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Steeply pitched, irregular roof shapes;
dominant, front-facing gable; patterned
shingles, bay windows, picturesque
massing , polychromatic and decorative
ornamentation; partial or full-width
porches of one story; multiple gables and
dormers; occasional towers and turrets,
rounded or square.
Folk Victorian
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Porches with spindle work detailing, L-
shaped or gable-front plan, cornice
brackets, details often with Italianate
and/or Queen Anne inspiration, sometimes
Gothic.
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Colonial
Revival
Tudor
Revival
Pueblo
Revival
Mission
Period
Styles
Spanish
Revival
Beaux
Arts
Neoclassical
Italian
Renaissance
Colonial Revival
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND
FEATURES: Initially inspired by the 1876
Philadelphia Centennial: new interest in
American colonial past. Architects studied
colonial styles throughout New England by
1890s. A dominant style for domestic buildings
nationwide 1900-1940s. Georgian and Adam
styles were the backbone of revival ideas, with a
secondary influence of Dutch Colonial (with
Gambrel roof). The colonial revival style is
sometimes referred to as neo-Georgian, due to
its striking resemblance to the earlier Georgian
and federal styles.
Tudor Revival
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND
•
FEATURES:
Tudor revival became especially popular with
1920s suburban homes, loosely based on late
medieval prototypes. Many are identified with
false (ornamental) half-timbering, a medieval
English building tradition, often with stucco or
masonry veneered walls, steeply pitched roof,
cross-gabled plans. A variety of this is
sometimes referred to as the picturesque
cottage or English cottage, which typically
includes a picturesque (asymmetrical) floor plan
Beaux Arts
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND
•
FEATURES:
Beaux-Arts style was advocated by Americans
who studied at the Ecole. The style emphasized
classical forms and styles, elaborate detailing,
massive plans, heavy masonry. Mostly used for
grand public and institutional buildings, and the
private homes of America's industrial barons.
The primary inspiration for this style was
Chicago's Columbian Exposition in 1893.
Neoclassical
• Historical Background and Features:
• Neoclassical became a dominant style for
domestic buildings nationwide between
1900-1940s. It was directly inspired by the
Beaux-Arts style and the Columbian
Exposition: classical symmetry, full-height
porch with columns and temple front;
classical ornament. Basically, this is the
revival of the Greek Revival style.
Italian Renaissance
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
Usually identified with a low-pitched, hipped roof,
often with ceramic tiles and sometimes flat,
hinting at its Mediterranean source region; wide,
overhanging eaves with large brackets under the
roofline; arched doors and windows, primarily on
the first floor; Italian-style entryway, often with
classical columns; facade usually symmetrical,
but occasionally found in asymmetrical or
picturesque floor plans.
Spanish Revival
• Historical Background and Features:
• Spanish revival was inspired by the architecture
of Spain and Latin America, emphasizing their
rich stylistic details. Due to the early influence of
New Spain in the Southwest and Southeast, the
style is rare outside the Southwest, Texas and
Florida. Includes low-pitched roof; little or no
eave overhang; red-tiled roof; prominent arch
over door or window or porch; stucco wall
surface; usually asymmetrical façade.
Mission
• Historical Background and Features:
• The Mission style originated in southern California and
was the first style to diffuse eastward from the West.
The style was considered the "California counterpart" to
the Georgian-inspired Colonial Revival popular in
Northeast. Most famously, the style was adopted by both
the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe Railways for train
stations, resort hotels, and other rail corridor buildings,
essentially as an effort to "theme" the Southwest for
eastern travelers. The style includes Mission-shaped
dormers and/or roof parapet; wide, overhanging eaves,
exposed rafters, red-tiled roof, stucco walls, arched
windows/doors on ground level.
Pueblo Revival
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Features include flat roof with parapeted
wall, irregular/rounded edges to walls,
stucco surface, often vigas (round roof
beams) extending through walls to the
exterior.
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Modern Styles
Craftsman\Bungalow
Prairie
Art Deco\Art Modern
International
Modern Houses
Craftsman/Bungalow
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Low-pitched, gabled roof, wide overhang of
eaves, exposed rafters under eaves, decorative
brackets under gables; incised porch ; tapered,
square columns supporting roof; 4-over-1 or 6over-1 sash windows, often with Frank Lloyd
Wright design motifs; hand- crafted stone or
woodwork, often mixed materials throughout
structure. Bungalows can either be front-gabled
or side-gabled.
Prairie
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Focused specifically on mid western
regionalism, with its horizontal, open floor
plans representing the expansive prairie
region.
Art Deco/Art Moderne
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• (1) ART DECO: Smooth wall surface, often
stucco; smooth-faced stone and metal, often
with vivid colors; forms simplified and
streamlined; geometric designs including zigzags,
chevrons; towers and other vertical projections,
presenting a vertical emphasis; machined and
often metallic construction materials for
decorative features.
(2) ART MODERNE: Smooth, rounded wall
surfaces, often stucco; flat roof with small
ledge at roofline; horizontal grooves or
lines in walls; asymmetrical façade;
casement/corner windows or other
horizontally arranged windows; metal
balustrades; glass-block windows, often
curved. Unlike Art Deco, an emphasis on
the horizontal.
International
• IDENTIFYING FEATURES:
• Modern structural principles and materials; Concrete,
glass, steel the most common; occasionally reveals
skeleton-frame construction, exposing its structure;
rejected non-essential decoration; ribbon windows,
corner windows a hallmark of the style; bands of glass
as important as bands of "curtain wall"; balance and
regularity admired and fostered; flat roof, without ledge.
Often with thin, metal mullions and smooth spandrel
panels separating large, single-pane windows.
Modern houses
• BACKGROUND AND INSPIRATION:
Modern houses included the California ranch,
raised ranch, split-level, and "sea ranch" after
the 1950s. Similar to international style, these
houses really don't include much "style" at all -they are designed to look to the future, not the
past for their inspiration. By the 1980s architects
and developers were beginning to move away
from modern forms, favoring instead a revived
interest in past styles and ornamentation -- the
postmodern era had begun.
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Residential
Postmodern
Styles
Commercial
Residential
• BACKGROUND AND INSPIRATION:
• The postmodern era is most associated with
architecture appearing since the late 1970s,
continuing through today. Postmodernism is
basically an allusion to the past, with multiple
associations and meanings. It is a rejection of
modernist thought, a return to traditional,
historical precedents, a re-awakened interest in
history and heritage.
Commercial
• BACKGROUND AND INSPIRATION:
• Postmodernism is basically an allusion to the
past, with multiple associations and meanings. It
is a rejection of modernist thought, a return to
traditional, historical precedents, a re-awakened
interest in history and heritage. Postmodernism
coincides with both the historic preservation
movement and the new urbanism movement
quite well.
That’s all
Thanks for your attention