Getting Things Done
Download
Report
Transcript Getting Things Done
Getting Things Done
A surprisingly interesting system for managing your time effectively
July 30, 2010
Who Is This Presentation For?
Are you in control of your time?
In your business and personal life, are you on top of your goals and commitments?
Do you know what you should be doing at any given point in time?
Are you completely relaxed about managing your time?
If all of the above are true, congratulations! You don’t need to be here.
2
Work Is Losing Its Edges
GTD defines work as anything that you want or need to be different than it currently is
Work used to be self-evident; milk cows, plow fields, etc.
You knew when you were done
As farming and manufacturing jobs are replaced with knowledge work, edges are vanishing
When are the wireframe designs perfect and you can stop working on them?
Should you be studying a new technology in your spare time to advance your career?
Should you go to the gym on Sunday morning or make slides for a Lab49 seminar?
Should you fix the kitchen faucet or update your personal web site?
The distinction is blurring between business and personal work
Jobs are constantly changing, and professionals are more free agents than ever before
Little seems clear for very long, in terms of what our work is, and how to do it well
We process huge amounts of information, and generate large volumes of ideas and commitments
3
The Problem and the Goal
The problem:
The amorphous blog of never-ending work fills up our brain and uses our CPU and RAM
Many professionals have low-grade, constant anxiety
•
Trying to remember everything that has to be done
•
Worrying about the things that are not getting done
Too much distraction at the day-to-day level to undertake bigger projects and goals
The goal:
Imagine if your personal management situation were totally under control
What if you could dedicate 100% of your attention to the task at hand without distraction?
Many of you know what that relaxed mental state is like
•
e.g. when you’re playing sports, or a musical instrument, or cooking, or whatever
The goal is to bring that relaxed state of effectiveness to your work life.
4
The Reader’s Digest Version
1. Have an organized system for keeping track of all of your work, outside of your brain
Must be a comprehensive, trusted organizational system to capture everything you want to do
Keyword is everything; work and personal, high and low priority, short and long term, etc.
2. Have a well-defined system for choosing your next action
At any given time, what should you do next?
Consult the data in your organized system, choose the next action, and do it
Then update the organized system, and repeat
Has anyone figured out the operating system analogy yet?
5
What’s Wrong With To-Do Lists?
Typical problem is that it’s full of items that are not actionable
You haven’t clarified the desired outcome
You haven’t decided the next step
You haven’t put reminders into a system that you trust
Therefore they will contribute to your background stress, and not move forward
Exercise 1: Are there any problems with this to-do list?
Buy milk
Create web site
Plan vacation
Clean house
Learn Silverlight
6
Understanding Projects versus Next Actions
Determine the next action for a project typically takes about two minutes
Exercise 2: Think about the project or situation that is most on your mind at this moment
What bugs you, distracts you, interests you, or otherwise consumes CPU cycles?
Take two minutes right now to decide the exact next thing that needs to be done
e.g. if the project is “create web site” what would you do next?
Pick a domain name?
•
Research hosting providers?
Exercise 3:
•
Let’s pick the next actions for the other items on the previous slide
•
Plan vacation
•
Learn Silverlight
The gist of the GTD system is:
1.
Don’t confuse projects and next actions
2.
Spend most of your time working on next actions
3.
Periodically (every 1-2 days) scan your projects to determine new next actions
4.
Periodically (once/week) update your list of projects
7
The Big Picture
Stuff
+Inbox
What is it?
Trash
Is it
actionable?
No
Yes
Someday/Maybe
Reference
Needs to be broken
down Into actions
What’s the next action?
Projects
• Plan
• Capture
• Review for next actions
Is it < 2
minutes?
Yes
Do it
No
Delegate it
Waiting
Defer it
Next Actions
Calendar
8
Implementing the System
Implementing these ideas requires the ability to categorize tasks
Outlook + BlackBerry works very well
•
Use Outlook task categories (not folders)
•
Ctrl-Shift-K is your friend
For the Apple-inclined:
•
OmniFocus
•
Toodledo
•
Things
•
The Hit List
Wireless syncing with categories is a must
Initial minimum list of categories:
+Inbox
Someday/Maybe
Reference
Projects
Waiting
Next Actions
9
Exercise Four
Initial state – let’s GTD!
Stuff
+Inbox
•
Plan Lab49 outing
•
Line up a speaking engagement
•
Set up system for tracking personal finances
•
Other ideas?
Someday/Maybe
Reference
Projects
Waiting
Next Actions
+Inbox
What is it?
Trash
Actionble?
No
Yes
Next action?
Someday/Maybe
Reference
Needs to be broken
down Into actions
Projects
• Plan
• Capture
• Review for next actions
Is it < 2
minutes?
Yes
Do it
No
Delegate it
Waiting
Defer it
Next Actions
Calendar
10
Next Action Contexts
If you are out doing errands, why should you be thinking about computer-related tasks?
If you are in the office, why should you be thinking about fixing a home plumbing problem?
Context-based categories (convention – precede with @):
Next Actions
@Errands
•
@Home
•
Review GTD presentation
@Transit
•
Customize settings on desk phone
@Remote (office)
•
Fix kitchen faucet
@Lab
•
Buy milk
Skim HTML5 book
@Agendas
•
Parents – what are we doing for the family reunion this year?
•
Practice Head – ask for study recommendations
11
How to Use the Calendar
Your calendar is not a garbage can to store tasks that you think “should be done that day”
Many people are tempted to plan work by distributing tasks onto their calendar – don’t do that
Disagree with the Franklin Covey concept of putting tasks on your calendar and pushing them forward
Your calendar should be used exclusively for hard constraints
Scheduled meetings
Scheduled conference calls
Items that must absolutely be done on a particular day
If the time is not constrained, don’t specify it (e.g. use Outlook “all day event” checkbox)
This creates a clear discipline
If it’s on your calendar, it’s mandatory
If you have a free moment, go to your Next Actions list
If you try to plan your day using the calendar, you’ll stop looking at the Next Actions list
You will stop trusting the system and it will fall apart
12
How to Use Email
Don’t use email as your to-do list
Try to clean out your email box, or at least tag everything as read
So that the unread messages count is meaningful
If the email implies a next action, create one on the spot
e.g. for Outlook
Ctrl-A, Ctrl-C, Ctrl-Shift-K , Ctrl-V
Or even better, draft the email to the Tasks header on the left
For Mac people I’m sure there’s some mouse-oriented carpal-tunnel inducing equivalent
13
Managing Action
Top down approach doesn’t really work
Intellectually you ought to work from the top down
Personal/corporate missions, then objectives, then implementation details
But this doesn’t fit with rapidly changing environments with constant distractions
GTD approach is bottom up
At 3:22 on Wednesday, how do you decide what to do?
Filter by context
•
Are you on the subway? Reply to emails, review documents, etc.
•
Context-based task categories make this easier; filter your list, then pick a task
Filter by time available
•
Filter by energy available
•
Do you have only 15 minutes before a meeting? Do something quick
Are you mentally tired? Do your Clicktime sheets
Filter by priority
•
If you have some open space, pick whatever is most important
14
Project Planning
Determining next actions for each project
GTD philosophy is to use “natural planning”
Which means in essence, don’t stress about it, just plan it like you would a dinner party
Natural planning can be thought of in five steps
1.
Define purpose and principles (Why are you doing this? What are you trying to accomplish?)
2.
Envision the outcome (Intimate dinner party? Or a big party with a DJ?))
3.
Brainstorm (What time should we go? What do we feel like eating? Any new places we want to try?)
4.
Organize (Let’s see if the restaurant is open. Let’s check in with some friends about dates.)
5.
Identify next actions (This part is easy by this stage.)
Unnatural planning (sound familiar?)
“We need to have a dinner party! Who’s got some good ideas?”
“Let’s start by writing an outline for our dinner party.”
“Let’s agree on a mission for our dinner party.”
15
Collecting
This is the most important part of GTD from the perspective of clearing your head
Gather 100% of the incompletes
Physical in-basket
Paper-based note-taking devices
Electronic note-taking devices
Voice-recording devices
E-mail
+Inbox category
Add freely to Projects and Someday/Maybe categories – use triggers to get ideas
Professional: Incomplete projects, commitments to others, financial, administration, supplies, office, etc.
Personal: Home, hobbies, skills, creative expression, clothes, gear, trips to take, organizations to join, etc.
Review loose papers, notes, calendar items, projects, etc.
Empty your head – try to think of everything
Be creative and courageous
16
Organizational Refinements
Keep a list of priorities at different levels, and review quarterly or even annually
Priorities 1 – Life
Priorities 2 – 3-5 year vision
Priorities 3 – 1-2 year goals
Priorities 4 – areas of responsibility
Projects (conceptually equivalent to “Priorities 5”)
Project subcategories (job-specific), e.g.
Projects – General
Projects – Client
Projects – Sales
Reference subcategories
Reference – General
Reference – People
Reference – Recommendations
Reference – Study
Ad hoc lists
17
Weekly Review
This is so critical that you must establish good habits, environments, and tools
Recommendation is to block out two hours a week for this (e.g. Friday from 4-6 PM?)
Review tasks
Collect all new items (focus on completeness first)
Review projects for next actions and create those tasks
Tidy up the system (delete tasks that are completed or irrelevant, refactor as required)
If you skip this, the system will break down very quickly
The failure mode is that you’ll start feeling stress again
You will realize that your brain is wasting cycles trying to keep track of what needs to be done
That’s a symptom that you’ve stopped trusting your GTD system and it’s time for a review
18
Timetable of Activities
Frequency
Activity
Throughout the day
Work on contextual next actions (use “managing action” to decide what to do)
Every 1-2 days
Review projects, update next actions (use “natural project planning”)
Once/week
Complete collection, update projects and next actions, clean up system
Quarterly
Review areas of responsibility, 1-2 year goals
Annually
Review higher level goals (3-5 year vision, life)
19
Summary
Questions?
The bible:
Getting Things Done
The Art of Stress-Free Productivity
David Allen
http://www.davidco.com/
The software: Doesn’t really matter, as long as you can categorize tasks.
20