Transcript Denotation - Ms. Rosen Reads

THE POWER OF WORDS
by
Sophie Rosen
www.msrosenreads.com
Have you ever…
• …been told you were rude after you said
something that you did not intend as rude?
• …wondered whether you were being insulted
because of how someone said something?
You can sometimes determine
what people mean by the tone of
their voice.
But…
what if you
are reading
the words
in a text message
or on Facebook
or in a book?
LESSON ONE
Words affect meaning!
Carefully choose your words!
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•
for formal situations
for informal situations
for peers
for people in authority
for younger children
Words can have…
• a neutral meaning
• a positive meaning
• a negative meaning
smell
positive
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•
aroma
scent
fragrance
bouquet
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negative
stink
odour
stench
reek
miasma
look at
positive
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•
observe
admire
gaze upon
peek at
negative
• glare at
• peer at
• peek at
smile
positive
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grin
beam
gleam
sparkle
twinkle
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negative
grimace
simper
leer
smirk
sneer
laugh
negative
positive
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chuckle
chortle
giggle
guffaw
roar
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snicker
sneer
snigger
titter
cackle
A person who saves money is..
• positive
neutral
• budget-minded • careful •
• economical
• frugal •
• thrifty
•
•
negative
tight
miserly
pennypinching
penurious
Work with a partner:
Rewrite each sentence in two different tones.
1. The two boys looked at the hockey player
and laughed.
2. She smiled as she noticed the smell in the
room.
3. My parents noticed that I am careful with my
money.
Share
Get ready to stand
and read your sentences aloud.
LESSON TWO
Words have both a
denotation and connotation.
Two words to learn:
D = dictionary
C = can feel
• denotation • connotation
Denotation
- objective
- dictionary
definition
• is factual
• may require additional
information in order to
discover the emotional
meaning
Connotation
- positive,
- negative or
- neutral
- formal or
- informal
• contains emotional
information
• meaning that is implied
• varies from culture to
culture
• may require background
information to understand
whether the emotion is
positive or negative
Individual Practice
You will receive a worksheet to help you
practise using words with different
connotations.
Carefully choose words to create the
intended meaning.
Get ready for
a review quiz!
Take out a piece of paper
and a pen.
Cloze Quiz: Fill-in-the-Blanks
• Denotation refers to the l______ definition of a
word, the one found in a d_________. It is
f______ and o________ . It may require
a_______ information to discover the emotion.
• Connotation refers to the e______ meaning of a
word. It is s_________ and varies from _______
to ______ . It may require b_______ information
to understand. It deliberately shows a p______,
n______ or n______ meaning.
LESSON THREE
Words reveal emotions!
Before we begin,
get ready to stand and read aloud,
filling in the correct answers.
(You may read with a partner, if you prefer.)
Oral Practice: Fill-in-the-Blanks
• Denotation refers to the l______ definition of a
word, the one found in a d_________. It is
f______ and o________ . It may require
a_______ information to discover the emotion.
• Connotation refers to the e______ meaning of a
word. It is s_________ and varies from _______
to ______ . It may require b_______ information
to understand. It deliberately shows a p______,
n______ or n______ meaning.
Practice detecting emotions!
1. Look at each word in the list.
2. How does it change the meaning
of the sentence?
3. Discuss in your group.
4. Be prepared to report your
observations to the class.
walk
I watched
them walk.
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march
saunter
slouch
saunter
meander
flounce
stride
wander
patrol
tramp
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glide
slog
step
prowl
roam
trek
stomp
stroll
dawdle
skip
sleep
I need to
sleep.
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doze
take a nap
have a siesta
get some shut-eye
put my head down
get my beauty rest
snooze
catch 40 winks
eat
I saw him
eat the
apple.
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chomp
nibble
devour
munch
demolish
polish off
chew
consume
scarf down
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We live in a
•
house. •
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house
mansion
shack
apartment
home
bungalow
cabin
domicile
dwelling
flat
condominium
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tenement
hovel
hut
shanty
suite
villa
residence
cottage
friend
Yesterday, I
was talking
with a
friend.
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mate
chum
companion
classmate
colleague
coworker
pal
buddy
associate
ally
silent
I’ve noticed
that she is
usually
silent.
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silent
shy
glum
sullen
withdrawn
reticent
quiet
taciturn
take
We saw
her take
the
money.
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filch
embezzle
purloin
grab
snatch
help herself
to
• pick up
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•
accept
appropriate
steal
pilfer
Now you are ready to create
sentences with deep meaning!
Rewrite each sentence in two
different ways to create two
different implied meanings.
Yes, you may work with a partner.
Yes, you may use a thesaurus.
There sure is a smell
in this room!
My cousin lives in a
house far from here.
She ate that steak.
He likes to
be the leader.
Share
Get ready to stand
and read your sentences aloud.
LESSON FOUR
Words create a mood in a reader.
Before we begin,
let’s review
connotation and denotation.
Take out paper and a pen.
Complete the Definitions
• Denotation refers to the l______ definition of a
word, the one found in a d_________. It is
f______ and o________ . It may require
a_______ information to discover the emotion.
• Connotation refers to the e______ meaning of a
word. It is s_________ and varies from _______
to ______ . It may require b_______ information
to understand. It deliberately shows a p______,
n______ or n______ meaning.
Authors use emotions wisely
to create…
a mood:
a temporary emotion.
Many Moods
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Abandonment
Desertion
Emptiness
Foreboding
Hopefulness
Isolation
Loneliness
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Apathy
Boredom
Curiosity
Disinterest
Excitement
Irritation
Annoyance
More Moods
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Expectancy
Generosity
Interest
Suspicion
Worry
Jealous
Envious
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Peacefulness
Joy
Rejection
Restfulness
Resentful
Bravery
Self-confidence
Good writers choose words carefully!
They are trying to create
emotions
in their readers.
What emotion do you feel?
• “We had our swim before sundown, and
while we were cooking our supper the
oblique rays of light made a dazzling
glare on the white sand about us. The
translucent red ball itself sank behind
the brown stretches of corn field as we
sat down to eat,…” – Willa Cather
What emotion do you feel?
• “There was once a Velveteen Rabbit,
and in the beginning he was really
splendid. He was fat and bunchy, as a
rabbit should be; his coat was spotted
brown and white, he had real thread
whiskers, and his ears were lined with
pink sateen.…” – Willa Cather
What emotion do you feel?
• “I had a pretty good supper last night
and then I talked with a friend who
came over. We talked in the kitchen
which looks pretty good since it was just
painted last month. My friend and I ate
some good cookies that my dad baked
last week….”
Stop-and-Go Reading
• We will read aloud chapter 1 of Word to
Caesar by Geoffrey Trease.
• We are watching for words and phrases that
convey a mood of foreboding (negative
foreshadowing).
• Raise your hand when you notice foreboding.
• We will stop and you will record, on a piece of
paper, the relevant words and phrases.
Share
Get ready to stand
and read aloud
your list of words and phrases.
LESSON FIVE
Careful use of diction
creates
an effect in a reader.
Before we begin, let’s review!
Take out a piece of paper
and a pen.
Cloze Quiz: Fill-in-the-Blanks
• Denotation refers to the l______ definition of a
word, the one found in a d_________. It is
f______ and o________ . It may require
a_______ information to discover the emotion.
• Connotation refers to the e______ meaning of a
word. It is s_________ and varies from _______
to ______ . It may require b_______ information
to understand. It deliberately shows a p______,
n______ or n______ meaning.
• Mood is a t____________ e___________.
Writers use the connotations
of words to
create a mood:
a temporary emotion.
The use of connotation is part of
diction:
the careful use of
words and phrases
to create an effect
in readers.
Detecting Diction
• Today, you will receive a sheet with three
‘stories’.
• Read the stories independently.
• Underline the words and phrases that create
the mood of the story.
• We will mark your work in 30 minutes.
LESSON SIX
Diction
includes
tone and mood.
TRICKS OF DICTION
TONE
• words and phrases that
reveal the author’s attitude
• requires background
knowledge of vocabulary
• requires ability to infer the
significance of syntax (ways
of arranging words) and
point of view
MOOD
• emotions created in the
reader by the tone of the
writing
• requires engagement (the
ability to enter the world of
the story)
Tricks of Tone
Syntax
• Arrangement of words and
phrases
• Alliteration and rhyme
• Length of sentences
• Repetition
• Juxtaposition
• Similes and metaphors
• Connotation of words
Point of View
• 1st person: “I”
– Implies limited view
• 2nd person: “you”
– Implies directions
• 3rd person: “she” or “he
– Implies a broader view
More Tricks of TONE
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casual: use of contractions
formal: no contractions
angry or excited: short sentences
relaxed or thoughtful: longer sentences
distant: third person, objective
The TONE can be…
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ambivalent
affectionate
amused
angry
hopeful
appreciative
critical
detached
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enthusiastic
evasive
excited
fearful
flippant
optimistic
irritated
or…
The tone creates a MOOD of…
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amazement
contentment
delight
elation
energy
enthusiasm
exhilaration
happiness
joy
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alarm
disgust
distress
fright
curiosity
amusement
suspense
satisfaction
or…
Partner Practice
You will receive a worksheet to help you
practise creating a mood in writing
Choose words carefully to create a specific
mood.
Be careful with your diction.
Share
Get ready to stand,
with your partner if you wish,
and read aloud
your sentences.
LESSON SEVEN
A thesaurus helps build vocabulary.
Before we begin,
make sure you have your own thesaurus.
Time to use your thesaurus!
• You may, if you wish, work with a partner.
• Find at least 5 positive and 5 negative
synonyms for each word given.
• Time limit: 3 minutes per word.
• At the end of each time period, be ready to
share your synonyms with the class.
• There will be 4 different words.
Walk
Positive
Negative
Road
Positive or Neutral
Negative
Wind (Moving air)
Positive
Negative
Sat
Positive
Negative
Knowledge Review
• You may work individually, with a partner, or
in a small group.
• Copy the sentences, filling in the blanks with
the correct answers. You may use your notes
from previous days if necessary.
• Be ready to read the sentences aloud when
we mark the quiz in 20 minutes.
Practice
1. Denotation refers to the l______ definition of a word,
the one found in a d_________. It is f______ and
o________ . It may require a_______ information to
discover the emotion.
2. Connotation refers to the e______ meaning of a word. It
is s_________ and varies from _______ to ______ . It may
require b_______ information to understand. It
deliberately shows a p______, n______ or n______
meaning.
3. Mood is a t____________ e___________.
More Practice
4. Diction is the c_________ use of w____ and
p_____ . It includes both t____ and m_____ .
5. Tone includes w_____ and p______ that
reveal the a_______ attitude, while mood is the
e_______ created in the r_______ .
6. To properly understand the a______ tone, a
reader needs background k_________ of
v______ and s________ .
And More Practice
7. A re______ also needs to be en________: able to
e_____ the world of the story or essay.
8. Some tricks of tone include all_______________
and rh____________ which can add humour;
re________ which can add emphasis;
s___________ and m__________ which can add
vividness; and the c_____________ of words which
can add subtle meanings. The use of ju_________
can also add subtle meanings.
And Even More Practice
9. The use of contractions indicates a c______ tone,
while f______ writing avoids contractions.
10. An angry or excited tone can be indicated by the
use of sh____ sentences, while a relaxed or
introspective tone might be shown with l________
sentences.
11. The ______ person point of view, another trick
of tone, implies a limited view. The ______ person
point of view implies a broader view of a situation.
Mark Your Work
Get ready to stand,
with your partner if you wish,
and read aloud
your sentences.
LESSON EIGHT
Careful use of vocabulary
affects
the tone of writing.
Get ready to write!
• This time, you will use your background
knowledge of words. You may not use a
dictionary or thesaurus.
• You may not work with a partner.
• You will silently rewrite two paragraphs. You
may change the denotation as well as the
connotation of the words.
• Time limit: 15 minutes per paragraph.
• Get out your supplies: paper and pen
Change the Tone to Cheerful
When I walked in the door after school,
my father was standing there. He looked
at me with a solemn expression. “I have
news,” he said quietly. “ Your
grandmother called. Something has
happened.”
Share
Get ready to stand
and read aloud
your paragraph.
Change the Tone to Happy
It was a long weekend. I spent time with my
friends. I sat with my family. I ate a good meal
with my grandparents. Outside, the weather
was all right. The sun was out, but there were
some cloudy periods and some wind. A group of
us spent time climbing a dirt trail in Manning
Park . It was okay. And I had some homework to
do, but I got it done. The weekend was
acceptable.
Share
Get ready to stand
and read aloud
your paragraph.
LESSON NINE
You are now ready to be tested on your
knowledge and skill level.
You will complete this test silently and
independently.
Take out a pen and piece of paper.
Test: A
1. Denotation refers to the l______ definition of a word,
the one found in a d_________. It is f______ and
o________ . It may require a_______ information to
discover the emotion.
2. Connotation refers to the e______ meaning of a word. It
is s_________ and varies from _______ to ______ . It may
require b_______ information to understand. It
deliberately shows a p______, n______ or n______
meaning.
3. Mood is a t____________ e___________.
Test: B
1. Diction is the c_________ use of w____ and
p_____ . It includes both t____ and m_____ .
2. Tone includes w_____ and p______ that
reveal the a_______ attitude, while mood is the
e_______ created in the r_______ .
3. To properly understand the a______ tone, a
reader needs background k_________ of
v______ and s________ .
Test: C
1. A re______ also needs to be en________: able to
e_____ the world of the story or essay.
2. Some tricks of tone include all_______________
and rh____________ which can add humour;
re________ which can add emphasis;
s___________ and m__________ which can add
vividness; and the c_____________ of words which
can add subtle meanings.
3. The use of ju_________ can also affect meaning.
Test: D
1. The use of contractions indicates a c______ tone,
while f______ writing avoids contractions.
2. An angry or excited tone can be indicated by the
use of sh____ sentences, while a relaxed or
introspective tone might be shown with l________
sentences.
3. The ______ person point of view, another trick of
tone, implies a limited view. The ______ person
point of view implies a broader view of a situation.
Test: E
Rewrite this paragraph, creating either a positive
or negative tone:
After school, my friend and I walked along
the road to her house. I laughed when I saw her
dog sitting by the sidewalk, waiting for us. She
smiled, too, as she looked at her silent dog. “He
is waiting for me to take him for a walk,” she
said. “But first, I need to eat a snack. What
about you?” she asked me.
LESSON TEN
Analyze tone and mood
in a
picture book.
Get organized.
1. Decide whether to work alone or with a
partner.
2. Choose a picture book.
3. Write a citation:
Author. Title. City: Publisher, copyright date.
4. Read the book.
5. Then read it again, taking notes.
Look for tricks of tone!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Alliteration
Rhyme
Similes and metaphors
Juxtaposition
Length of sentences
Contractions
Point of view
Connotation of words
Record your observations:
• Tricks:
• Evidence:
Remember mood factors!
1. Set aside your own thoughts and focus on
the story.
2. Tune out all the other people in the room
and focus on the story.
3. Understand the denotation and connotation
of words.
4. Understand the intended effects of the tricks
of tone.
Record the tone’s effect on your mood!
• Your mood
• Cause
You are now a more literate person!
denotation: able to read and write
connotation:
- enjoy reading and writing
- have a wide background of literary knowledge
- regularly reflect on what you are reading
- share your thoughts on what you are reading
Congratulations!
You have completed
this unit on
‘The Power of Words’.
What have you learned?
Tell someone!