Transcript EUKARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS AND PARASITES

Parasitology

Historical groupings

Ecto/Endoparasites

Obligate/Facultative parasites

Permanent/Temporary parasites
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Biological Vectors

Hyperparasitism
– e.g mosquito carrying malaria protozoan
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Biological vectors

Mechanical vectors
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Host–Parasite Relationships
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Definitive host
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Intermediate host
3
Parasite Defenses
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Encystment
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Immunological challenges
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Host cell invasion to escape Immune
system
4
Parasite Damage

Nutritional deprivation
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Direct trauma/obstruction

Inflammation
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Plant-like Protozoa

(Algae)
– Euglenoids
– Diatoms
– Dinoflagellates
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Fungus-like Protozoa

Water molds

Slime Molds
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Animal-like Protozoa

Mastigophorans
– Use flagellae
• Trypanosoma
brucei
• Trypanosoma
cruzi
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Animal-like Protozoa
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Amebozoa
– Ameboid movement with
pseudopods
• Entamoeba histolytica
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Animal-like Protozoa

Apicomplexans
 Apical enzyme
complex assists host
cell penetration
– Plasmodium
– Toxoplasma gondii
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Animal-like Protozoa

Ciliates
– Move with cilia
– Balantidium coli
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Fungi

Mycology
 Single celled
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Multicellular
–
–
–
–
Thallus
Mycelium
Hyphus
Septae
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Importance of Fungi

Industry

Decomposers
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Antibiotic producers
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Pathogens
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Classification — Fungal Phyla
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Phylum Zygomycota
Conjugation Fungi
–
–
–
–
Coenocytic hyphae
Molds
Rhizopus
Opportunistic
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Phylum Ascomycota (Sac)
Yeasts and multicellular
fungi
Septate hyphae when
multicellular
–
–
–
–
–
–
Penicillium
Saccharomyces
Candida
Trichphyton
Aspergillus
Blastomyces
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Classification — Other Phyla
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Basidiomycota (Club)
– Multicellular, septate hyphae

Deuteromycota (Imperfect)
– Sexual forms not (yet?) observed
– Likely to be Ascomycota when classification is
completed
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Helminths - Platyhelminths
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Phylum Platyhelmintha
(Flatworms)
Flukes (Class =
=Trematodes)

Tapeworm (Class =
Cestodes)
– Taenia saginata
– Schistosoma japonicum
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Helminths - Nematodes

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)
– Trichinella spiralis
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Arthropods

Arachnids
– Spiders, scorpions,
ticks and mites
– Ticks as Vectors
• Ixodes for B.
burgdorferi
• Viral encephalitis
• Colorado tickfever
• Bacterial Rocky
Mountain spotted
fever

Insects
– Vectors for Borrelia
causing relapsing fever
– Fleas can carry
Yersinia pestis
– Mosquitoes carry
Plasmodium and
Wuchereria
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Crustaceans
– Few may transmit
disease, including
Guinea worms
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