Transcript Basic Pneumatics

Forging new generations of engineers
Basic Pneumatics
Properties of Compressed Air
•
•
•
•
•
•
Availability
Easily stored in large volumes
Simplicity in design and control
Provides linear and rotary movement
Installation
Low system cost due to low component
cost
Properties of Compressed Air
• Components have long working life
resulting in longer system reliability
• Environmentally friendly
• Safety issues are minimized e.g.. Fire
hazards; unaffected by overloads
(actuators stall or slip)
• Pneumatic actuators in a system do not
produce heat (except for friction)
Parts of a Pneumatic System
What are they?
and
What do they Do?
A Basic Pneumatic System
Air Production and Distribution System
Line Filter
Compressor
Pressure
Check
Motor
Valve
Pressure Air Dryer
Refrigerated
Drain
Switch
TankGauge
A Basic Pneumatic System
Air Consumption System
Actuator
Drain Unit
Conditioning
Directional
Valve
Air Line Take-off
Air Compression
Reciprocating:
Single stage
Double Stage
Air Compression
Rotary:
Vane
Screw
Compressor
Air Receiver
A pressure Vessel (Tank) normally made of metal and installed
either horizontally or vertically. This vessel provides a volume of air
to be utilized by the system and reduced the loading and unloading
of the compressor.
Air Receiver (Tank)
Air Treatment
All atmospheric air carries both moisture and dust
Inlet Filter
•Used to remove large particle dirt from
entering the system.
•Used to prevent excessive
wear of cylinder, piston rings
and other moving parts in the
initial stage of the system
Air Dryer
Compressed air cannot hold the same amount of moisture as non
compressed air. Once the air is compressed, some of the moisture
condenses in the tank and is removed through a drain valve. The remaining
moisture will rust internal components of the system and must be removed.
One way this is done by sending the air through an air conditioned chamber
which will condense more of the moisture which is present.
Regulating and Conditioning
The compressed air to be used in a system needs to be treated
because of contamination inside the system. An example of this could
be the scaling of piped or worn seal material. A line filter is used to
collect water and solid impurities. A Lubricator is used to vaporize oil
into the air stream to lubricate moving parts in the system such as air
tools
A regulator is used to adjust the
line pressure to a lower usable
pressure needed for some tool
applications.
Control Valves
3 Port Pilot Valve
3 Port Pilot Valve
Double Pressure Operated
5 Port Valve
Actuators
The work done by a pneumatic actuator can be linear or rotary.
There are two basic types of linear cylinders
•Single-acting
•Double-acting