Transcript 幻灯片 1 - 复旦大学大学英语教学网站

Unit 1 College Life
21世纪大学新英语读写译教程 Book I
Text A
College: How to Survive the First Year
Part I Lead-in
A.
Describe and comment on the following
pictures.
B. Questions for Discussion
1. When you got the acceptance letter from Fudan
university, what did you think college life would be
like?
2. Up to now, what differences have you found
between your expectations and the real life here?
3. What is your goal of the four-year college study?
4. How do you plan to achieve these goals?
Part II
A.
Background Information
About the author
Kari Whitaker
a technical as well as creative writer. In addition to
articles on education and careers, she also enjoys
writing short stories, essays, and poetry.
B. Cultural notes
Student orientation (new student orientation):
a period of time at the beginning of the academic year
at a university or other tertiary institution during
which a variety of events are held to welcome new
students and familiarize and acquaint them with
important school policies and expectations as well as
the range of services and programs available.
Part III
Writing Features
This is a piece of expository writing, which is made up of
an introduction, a main body and a conclusion. The main
ideas of each part are summarized in the following table.
Parts
1
2
3
Paragraphs
1
1-11
12
Main Ideas
Many potential college students
worry about starting school.
Ten tips are offered about how to not
only survive but thrive in college.
These ten tips can also be applied
elsewhere in life.
Part IV
Difficult Sentences
1.(Line 1, Para 4) Study regularly. Kind of a nobrainer, but this is an essential part of success.
Studying regularly looks like sort of an easy thing to
do, but it is a very important and necessary element of
success.
2. (Line 4, Para 7)
If your assigned adviser
doesn’t have time for you, or if the two of you
don’t click, don’t be afraid of requesting
another one.
If the academic adviser who is appointed to you
doesn’t have time for you, or if you two don’t get
along with each other, don’t be afraid to ask for
another one.
3. (Line 5, Para 10)
Make an educated
decision — not a hasty one.
Make a decision that is based on sound judgment
and a particular level of knowledge — not the
one without necessary thought.
4. (Line 2, Para 11) Whether spent exercising
outdoors, or watching a favorite movie or
television show indoors, personal time is essential
to mental, emotional, and physical wellness,
which has a profound effect on your college
performance.
In the clause “whether…” the subject is omitted.
Actually, the implied subject here is just the subject
of the whole sentence, i.e. personal time.
5. (Line 2, Para 12) College is a microcosm of life; as
such, your ability to excel in college is often a
good predictor of how you will fare in other
situations, such as the workplace.
College reflects some distinctive characteristics of
life. By saying that, it is easy to understand that your
ability to excel in college often predicts how well
you will do in other situations, such as the workplace.
Part V
Language Points
1.potential: adj. possible when the necessary
conditions exist 潜在的；有可能的
e.g.
A number of potential buyers have expressed
interest in the company.
Many potential customers are waiting for a fall
in prices before buying.
2. thrive: vi. to grow, develop or be successful 繁
荣; 繁盛; 成功
e.g.
His business thrived in the years before the
war.
She seems to thrive on hard work.
3. at ease: relaxed 自由自在；舒适，舒坦
e.g.
He felt completely at ease.
She soon put/set me at ease (= made me
relaxed).
4. issue: n. a problem or worry that sb. has with
sth.; a subject or problem which people are thinking
and talking about 问题，争端；重要的议题；争
论点
e.g.
environmental/ethical/personal issues
Money is not an issue for me.
You’re just avoiding the issue.
5. arise: vi. to become evident; appear 呈现；出现；
发生
e.g. Should the opportunity arise, I'd love to go to
China.
Could you work on Saturday, should the need
arise (= if it were to be necessary)?
Are there any matters arising from (= caused
by) the last meeting?
Cf: arouse
6. shepherd: vt. to make a group of people move
to where you want them to go, especially in a kind,
helpful and careful way 带领，引导
e.g.
He shepherded the old people towards the
dining room.
Visitors are shepherded through the mansion
by volunteers.
7. due: adj. expected (to happen, arrive, etc.) at
a particular time 到期的; 预期的
e.g. What time is the next train due?
The meeting is due to take place next
week.
8. miss out: to fail to use an opportunity to enjoy or
get an advantage from something 失去获得乐趣或
利益的机会
e.g.
Don't miss out on the fantastic bargains in our
summer sale.
We didn't have a TV at home when I was
young, and I felt as though I missed out.
9. project: v. 1) represent (sth./sb./oneself) to others in
a way that creates a strong impression 向他人表现
以使其产生深刻的印象
e.g.
Recently the president has sought to project a
much tougher image.
The party is trying to project a new image of itself
as caring for the working classes.
2) to cause a film, image or light to appear on a screen or
other surface 投射
e.g.
project a slide in a screen
project a beam of light onto a statue
10. priority: n. something that is very important
and that must be dealt with before other things优先
考虑的事；优先权
e.g.
My first/top priority is to find somewhere to
live.
Being fashionable was low on her list of
priorities.
The management did not seem to consider
office safety to be a priority.
11. run into: 1) to meet a problem or difficulty
e.g.
We ran into bad weather/debt/trouble.
Both companies have since run into financial
difficulties.
2) to meet someone by chance
e.g.
I ran into an old neighbor of mine at the garage
this afternoon.
12. informed: adj. having a lot of knowledge or
information about something 知识的; 见闻广的;消
息灵通的
e.g. an informed choice/opinion
The school promised to keep parents informed
about the situation.
Elizabeth is remarkably well-informed.
13. conflict: n. an active disagreement, as between
opposing opinions or needs 冲突，矛盾，分歧
e.g.
Science sometimes comes into conflict with
religion.
Conflicts between parents and children become
more frequent when the children become
teenagers.
14. crucial: adj. extremely important or necessary
至关重要的；决定性的
e.g. a crucial decision/ question
Her work has been crucial to the success of
the project.
It is crucial that the problem is tackled
immediately.
15. fare: v. fare well/badly/better, etc. used to
say how well or badly someone or something
does in a particular situation 进展；过活，生活
e.g.
All the children fared well in the exams.
Middle-income
families
will
fare
better/worse under the new tax laws.
Part VI
Practice
A.Translation skills
1.
Go to all orientations. Yes, that’s right — it really
is necessary to attend all the school orientations.
参加所有熟悉校园环境的活动。是的，没
错——的确有必要参加所有的熟悉校园环境的活动。
两个简单句并列。需要指出的是第二句是对前面祈使句的
再次强调。句中Yes一词，表示赞同前面的说法，可以翻译为
“的确”，“没错”，“是的”。而is用斜体，亦表示强调
之意，朗读时应用重音。
2.
Armed with a thorough understanding of all aspects
of campus life — or, at least, those aspects you can glean
from orientation — you will feel more at ease when issues
arise, as they always do.
有了对校园生活方方面面的彻底了解——或者至少是
那些从活动中所能搜集到的诸多信息的了解，那么，
当层出不穷的问题出现时，你便能从容应对。
这句话看似复杂，其实并不复杂。句子的主干部分是you will feel
more at ease… 而前半部分 Armed with a thorough understanding
of…是过去分词短语，表示伴随状态，其所隐藏的主语就是主干部分的
主语“you”。这句话可以这样理解：If you are armed with a thorough
understanding of…, you will feel more at ease…另外，此句中破
折号中间的部分or, at least, those aspects you can glean from
orientation可以先忽略不看，它是对前面all aspects of campus
life的补充，是前面部分的同位语。
3. Often it is tempting to sleep through early morning
class or skip it altogether — resist temptation. Make
it a priority to attend all of your classes on time.
通常，逃掉大清早的课睡个懒觉，或者干脆逃掉所
有的课很具诱惑力。务必抵制住这种诱惑。准时上
所有的课，使之成为头等大事。
注意这两句话中的 “it”。 第一句话Often it is tempting to…
中的“it”是形式主语，该句真正的主语是to sleep through early
morning class or skip it altogether。第二句话Make it a priority
to…中的“it”是形式宾语，该句真正的宾语是to attend all of your
classes on time。英语句子中，如果主语或宾语较长、较复杂，
通常用“it”这个形式主语或形式宾语取代真正的主语或宾语，
使其提前，从而保持句子的平衡。
4.
That being said, be careful of taking too much
time for yourself.
话虽这么说，注意别给自己太多的时间。
这句话的主干就是一个祈使句be careful of taking too much time
for yourself。前面的部分是独立主格结构。独立主格结构（Absolute
Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰
整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的
主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，
可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。例如：
1）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
2）He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the
blackboard.
3）Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house,
a vast load of firewood on her back.
B. Writing techniques
Sentences
with
different
grammatical
structures can be used to achieve different emphasis.
In a simple sentence, there is only one idea, and it is
of course emphasized. For example, (the italics
showing the emphasized ideas)
The boy bought a bunch of roses for the girl. The
girl liked the roses very much.
In a compound or complex sentence, there are at
least two clauses, and therefore at least two ideas. In
a compound sentence, the ideas are equally
emphasized; in a complex sentence, the idea in the
main clause is emphasized. For example, the
following sentences express slightly different ideas
(the italics showing the emphasized ideas):
1. The boy bought the girl a bunch of roses, and
the girl liked the roses very much.
2. The boy bought the girl a bunch of roses
which the girl liked very much.
Error Reminder: Sentence Fragment
Sentence
fragments
are
grammatically
incomplete structures. Beginners need to avoid them
in their writing. In the following examples, the
italicized parts are sentence fragments.
1. My university offers many programs in engineering.
Such as electrical, chemical, and industrial
engineering.
2. I need to find a new roommate. Because the one I
have now is going to marry next month.
3. A story with deep thoughts and emotions.
C. Assignment
1. Oral Practice: Find a partner, and tell each other
how nervous or excited you were on the first day of
college. You may begin like this:
Well, my first day at college was August 24th. I
was so confused. Had no idea what to expect...
2. Questions for Text B:
1)
What does the author try to tell us?
2)
What do you learn from the Harvard
Experience?
The End