Transcript Respiratory System PPT - AZ HOSA | Arizona HOSA, Future

Respiratory System
Parts
• Lungs
• Air passages
Functions
• Takes in oxygen
• Removes carbon dioxide
• Body has 4-6 minute supply of oxygen
Air Passages
Nose
• 2 nostrils or nares
• Nasal septum
– Divides nose into 2 nasal cavities
• Lined
– With mucous membrane with a rich blood supply
• Functions
– Warms
– Moistens
– Filters
• Cilia
– Tiny hair-like structures
that help move dirt
trapped in mucous to
the esophagus
• Olfactory Receptor
– Receptors for sense of
smell
• Lacrimal Ducts
– Tear ducts
– Drain tears from the
eye into the nose
Olfactory Receptors
Sinuses
• Cavities in the skull that
surround the nasal area
• Connected to nasal
cavities by short ducts
• Function
– Warms and moistens
air
• Lined with mucous
membrane
• Provides resonance for
the voice
Pharynx
• Throat
• Lies behind the nasal
passages
• 3 sections
– Nasopharynx
– Oropharynx
– Laryngopharynx
• Voice box
• Layers of cartilage
Larynx
– Largest is the thyroid cartilage
commonly called the Adam's
apple
• Contains
– Vocal chords
• Vibrate on exhaled air to
produce sound
• The tongue and lips act on the
sound to produce speech
– Epiglottis
• Flap of cartilage that closes the
larynx during swallowing and
prevents food and liquids from
entering the trachea
Trachea
• Windpipe
• Series of “C” shaped
cartilage to keep the tube
open to the back
• Divide into the right and
left bronchi
• Continues to divide into
smaller bronchioles
• End in the alveoli
– Air sacs
Alveoli
- One cell thick and
surrounded by
capillaries
- Look like a cluster of
grapes
- Allow the exchange of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide
Surfactant
- Surfactant
- Reduces surface
pressure and
prevents alveoli
from collapsing
Exchange of Gases
Lungs
• Right lung 3 lobes
• Left lung 2 lobes due
to the heart
Pleura
• Covered by a
double layer sac
called the pleura
Ventilation
• Process of breathing
• Diaphragm
– Muscle of
respiration
– Assisted by the
intercostal
muscles
• Phases of respiration
– Inspiration
• Inhale
– Expiration
• Exhale
Diaphragm
Dome-shaped
muscle that
separates the
thoracic cavity
from the
abdominal
cavity
Process of Respiration
• Controlled by the
medulla oblongata in
the brain
• An increase in
amount of CO2 in the
blood , increases the
rate of respiration
• Both involuntary and
voluntary process
Stages of Respiration
• External
Respiration
– Exchange
of gases
between air
in the lung
and the
blood
Internal Respiration
– Exchange
of gases
between
the blood
and the
cells
Cellular Respiration
– Use of
gases
to
make
energy,
water
and
CO2
Diseases
• Asthma
– Inflammation of
airways with
increased mucous
production and
muscle constriction
– Cause – allergen,
exercise, stress,
chemical
– S/S - wheezing,
coughing, dyspnea,
shortness of breath
– Tx bronchodilators,
steroids
Nebulizer Inhaler
Bronchitis
• Inflammation of the
bronchi and bronchial
tubes
• Acute – infection
• Chronic – longtime
exposure to smoking
• S/S productive cough,
dyspnea, fever, chest
pain
• Tx – antibiotics,
bronchodilators,
oxygen
Emphysema
Emphysema
• Non infectious, chronic
respiratory condition
when walls of alveoli
deteriorate and loss
elasticity
• CO2 remains trapped in
the alveoli
• Poor exchange of gases
• S/S dypnea, feeling of
suffocation, barrel chest
• TX – No cure
Epistaxis
• Nosebleed
• Congested capillaries
bleed
• Due to injury, blowing
too hard,
hypertension
• TX – pinch nostrils
lean forward slightly
Influenza
• Flu
• Viral infection of the
lungs
• Spread by respiratory
droplet
• S/S - fever, malaise,
chills, cough, sore
throat, muscle pain
• Tx - symptomatic
Lung Cancer
• Leading cause of death of
men and women
• S/S no symptoms in
early stages, later cough
hemoptysis
• Tx – surgical removal,
radiation, chemotherapy
Pneumonia
• Inflammation or
infection of the lungs
• Build up of exudates
(fluid) in the alveoli
• S/S cough, chest
pain, fever, dyspnea
• Tx – antibiotics, bed
rest, fluids, respiratory
therapy, pain
medication
Rhinitis, Laryngitis, Sinusitis
Tuberculosis
• Infectious lung disease
caused by the bacteria
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
• Can be walled off in a
tubercle and become
dormant
• New strains are drug
resistant
• S/S fatigue, fever, night
sweats, hemoptysis
weight loss, chest pain
• Tx - several drugs over a
period of two years