Transcript Chapter 12
Chapter 12 Madison and the Second War for Independence Madison: Dupe of Napoleon Not really presidential looking Factions in party, he was not TJ, could not hold together Non-Intercourse about to expire Macon’s Bill #2 If England or France would trade with us, we would shut out the other Napoleon looks at this as a way to cause trouble between England and US Madison fell for it, and we shut out England War Hawks 1811 Congress a new congress, some of the old timers gone S and W, want a war with old enemy Henry Clay came to be Speaker Ready to wipe out the Native threat in W Whites rushing in to Kentucky, was the sacred reserve Tecumseh and the Prophet United natives Return to old ways No alcohol Harrison met Tecumseh on the field on Nov. 7 1811 Tecumseh eventually killed fighting with English in 1813 Jackson fighting Natives in S Battle of Horeshoe bend crushed native resistence in S during War of 1812 Harrison’s fighting pre 1812 fired up war hawks • War Hawks wanted Free Trade and Free sailors • Nationalism: how dare they grab our people • War June 1812 • Close vote, which means not 100% buy in Mr. Madison’s War Why Brit and not France? Fr. Republican Issues with Brit Canada British repealed Orders in Council two days before we declared war, but no way for us to know New England against war Making money, so ignored impressment Federalists not want Canada, more farmers Near treason, trading with Brits while war went on Fighting over Canada on Land and Lake Worst fought war No national anger Minority led by war hawks Disunity Unprepared Suffering from embargo and non intercourse act Bank of US expired Army ill trained and small Old generals • Failed invasion • Should have taken Montreal, but decided on three prong attack • Defeated at Detroit, Niagra, and Lake Champlain • Brits captured Mackinac • British general Brock vs. Mud and Confusion • Needed a victory • Looked to water Needed to control Great Lakes Oliver Hazard Perry: controlled Lakes Won at Put in Bay We have met the enemy and they are ours 1813, Harrison won at Battle of Thames Napoleon defeated, and British starting to head to Canada to fight US British made mistake Wanted to attack NY Had to get supplies over Lake Champlain, no roads US navy led by Macdonough challenged Brits Won by attaching cables to his ship to turn it! Saved NY DC burned, NO Defended • British came up from Chesepeake in 1814 • Bladensburg races: US retreating • Pres had to flea • Dolly saved paintings • Fort McHenry was next, but did not fall • Then the Brits went for NO AJ in NO 1814 Jackson had a force of all types of people including free Af/Am British tried to come from head on, not good Actually done after Treat of Ghent had been passed Helped speed the treaty Privateers Navy better then army US: 16 ship navy US small but fast, Lake battles USS Constitution: Ironsides Privateers did their job too Went after merchants, meant to outrun warships Lloyds of London would not insure Britain did blockade us and lead raiding parties, no tariffs coming in