Transcript ENERGY “SHUT DOWN” SIGNS TO WATCH FOR
Take Home Message #2 Shredlage & Forage Form
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Visualizing the Rumen Mat
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Physically effective fiber
• Providing 5 pounds of feed particles over 0.75 inch to 2 inches • 550 to 600 minutes of cud-chewing activity per cow per day.
• 60 to 75% of cows at rest should be cud-chewing • > 60 chews per bolus of feed.
• Rumen pH should be over 6.0 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Shredlage vs. Kernel Processing
• Longitudinally ripped forage (increase surface area) • Stalk pieces about the size of an alfalfa steam (1.25 inch TLC or 30 mm) • Rhine of plant completely opened up.
• Smashed corn kernels • Softer and fluffier.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Shredlage
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
KP
Shredlage
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
KP
Photos provided by Kevin Shinners, UW Madison, BSE
Shredlage
KP
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Materials resulted from water separation technique done by Kevin Shinners, UW Madison, BSE
Penn State Separator Box
(as-fed basis)
Screen, mm Shredlage 19 8 1.18
Pan 31.5% 41.5% 26.2% 0.8% KP 5.6% 75.6% 18.4% 0.4% Samples obtained during feed-out from the silo bags University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Luiz Ferraretto & Randy Shaver Dairy Science Department
Shredlage processor
• Processor costs ~ $30,000 • Additional $25/hour to cover extra fuel & other costs – Estimated 2 gallons more fuel per hour – Shredlage LLC recommends that custom operators charge $1.50-$2/ton – Custom harvesters estimate roll replacement on one roll at 40,000-50,000 tons and maybe both rolls at 60,000 70,000 tons
Custom Harvesters Tell How Shredlage Works For Them
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign New silage corn processing method is examined - Apr. 15, 2013 http://hayandforage.com/corn/custom-harvesters-tell-how-shredlage-works-them
Kernel Processing Score Testing Lab Year No. of samples MN Field Trial 1 252 MN Field Trial 2 55 WI Field Trial 1 Dairyland 2005 - 2007 29 Lab Survey WI Field Trial 2 258 Rock River 64 Lab Survey 2010 2012 311 Cumberland Valley 2010 2011 1,131 KPS - - - - - - - - - - - -% of Samples by Processing Score- - - - - - Excellent 10% 8% Adequate 48% 76% Poor 42% 16% 10% 17% 17% 55% 68% 61% 35% 15% 22% 16% 62% 22% 7% 51% 42%
Kernel Processing Score
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
∆Worth 2 lb. Milk or 2 lb. Corn RD Shaver UW-Madison
Penn State Separator
Top % (as fed) 2 nd 3 rd TMR 10-15 > 40 < 30 Haylage > 40 Corn silage (3/4 TLC-Process) 5-15 > 40 > 50 <20 <30 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Bottom < 20 < 5 < 5
Top Box: 13.3%
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Middle Box: 68.8%
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Bottom Box: 17.9%
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Message #3 Build Your Milk Check
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Never Give Up Milk
• 1 lb of dry matter cost
$0.12
• Milk price is
$0.20
per pound • Good cows produce 2 lb of milk per 1 lb of DM • Profit:
$0.28
cents per cow per pound of DM University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Value of Milk Components
(Prices for November, 2013)
• Holstein herd: 70 lb milk, 3.5% fat , and 2.9% true protein corrected to 3.7% fat and 3.0% true protein • 70 lb x 0.2% point increase = 0.14 lb of milk fat x $1.63 / lb fat = • 70 lb x 0.1% point increase milk protein = 0.07 lb protein x $3.63 / lb =
$0.23
$0.25
• Profit potential:
$0.48
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Milk Fat and Milk Protein Relationship
(Hoard’s Dairyman—Aug, 2013)
Protein vs Fat Fat % Protein % Fat vs Protein Ayrshire 3.86
3.17
80% 1.22
Brown Swiss Guernsey Holstein Jersey 3.96
4.49
3.70
4.75
3.30
3.31
3.02
3.64
83% 74% 82% 77% 1.22
1.36
1.23
1.30
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Case Study: U of IL Dairy Farm Item
•
Milk fat is 3.9%
•
Milk true protein is 3.1%
•
Milk quality premium
•
rBST premium not to use Added Value /cwt + 23 cents + 25 cents + 83 cents + 59 cents
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Message #4 Feed Metrics
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Who is Ever-Green-View-MY 1326?
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Ever-Green-View My 1326 E.T.
Owned by Thomas Kestell, Waldo, WI National Milk Production Cow 72,171 lb (32,805 liters) of milk 2728 lb @ 3.78% 2143 lb of true protein @ 2.97%
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
•
Corn:
Looking Ahead to 2014
$4.50/bushel
•
Corn silage:
•
Alfalfa hay: $45 to $50 a ton $250 a ton
•
Soybean meal: $400 a ton
•
Distillers grain: $200 a ton
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Feed Prices Used
Feeds Corn silage (per ton) Alfalfa (per ton) Corn grain (bushel) Fuzzy cottonseed (ton) Corn gluten feed (ton) Soybean meal ( ton) Corn distillers grain (ton) 2013 $60 $300+ $6.40
$350 $200 $400 $200 2014 $45 $250 $5.00
$400 $180 $450 $200
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Feed Benchmarks--2014
Forages Grain energy By-product Protein supp Min/vit/additive Ration building lb DM $/ lb DM $ / day 28 10 5.5
5.5
1.0
.105 .104
.14
.17 .40
2.94
1.04
0.77 0.93 0.40
0.10
Total 50
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
6.18
Feeding Economics--2014
Feed costs per cow per day
$6.18
Feed cost per lb DM
$0.12
Milk Production Feed cost per cwt Income over feed costs ($19) Feed efficiency (lb milk/lb DM) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
80 lb 70 lb $ 7.73 $ 8.83
$11.27
$ 10.17
1.60
1.40
Economics of Feed Efficiency
(70 lb milk, 12 cent lb DM) Feed efficiency DMI (lb milk/lb DM) (lb/day) 1.30
54 Difference (savings/day) $0.48
1.40
50 $0.36
1.50
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
47
Dairy Efficiency
Dairy Efficiency : Pounds of fat corrected milk divided by pounds of DM consumed High group, mature cows High group, 1 st lactation Low group One group TMR herds Fresh cows Concern (one group) > 1.7 > 1.6
> 1.3
> 1.5
< 1.5
< 1.3
Example: 75 lb milk / 50 lb DMI = 1.5
3.5% FCM = (0.4324 x lb of milk) + (16.216 x lb of milk fat)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Message #5 Feed Buys
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
FeedVal 2012
• Allows you to use local prices • Select nutrient values important to you • Indicates values of feeds based on other available feeds University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Breakeven Prices
Dec, 2013, IL, FeedVal 2012
Feed
Shelled corn SBM —49% Corn silage
Current $4.40/bu $499/t $ 43/t
High qual alfalfa
$250/t
Low qual alfalfa Corn stalks Straw
$150/t $ 80/t $100/t
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Breakeven
$6.20/bu $523/t $ 78/t $180/t $132/t $55/t $80/t
Breakeven Prices
Dec, 2013, IL, FeedVal 2012
Feed Distillers grain Corn gluten feed Soy hulls Fuzzy cottonseed Wheat midds Beet pulp Current
$215 $178 $200 $338 $195 $270
Breakeven $387 $265 $212 $247 $215 $193 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Software Spreadsheet
• http://dairymgt.info
• Select: tools • Select: feeding • Click on: feedval 2012 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Message #6 Feed Additives
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U.S. Feed Additive Use
(2013 Hoard’s Market Survey Buffers Yeast/yeast culture Rumensin Niacin Probiotics Mycotoxin binders Anionic products Don’t use
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2006 41 28 15 9 11 11 3 11 2012 39 32 25 12 12 23 6 9
•
Additives Recommended
Rumen buffers
• • • •
Yeast culture/yeast products Monensin (Rumensin) Silage inoculants Biotin
•
Organic trace minerals
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Hutjens Priority
1.
Rumen impact 2 3.
4.
1a Rumensin 1b Yeast and yeast culture 1c Sodium bicarb/S-carb Silage inoculants Organic trace minerals (Zn, Se, & Cu) Biotin
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Hutjens “As Needs” List
• • • • • • •
Propylene glycol (300 to 500 ml) Calcium propionate (150 grams) Niacin (3 g protected; 3 g unprotected) Mycotoxin binders (clay mineral or yeast cell MOS compounds) Protected choline (15 g per day) Anionic products / salts (amount varies) Acid-based preservatives (baled hay and high moisture corn (0.5 to 1%)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Message #7 Replacement Heifers
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Cost of Raising Heifers
(33 WI operations in 2013)
• • • • •
Feed costs $1046 Labor and mgmt costs $ 333 Variable costs Fixed costs $ 274 $ 209 Total $1,862 (Add calf value and calf costs of $363)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Looking Back
Total Cost 1999 $1099 Daily Cost $1.61
Days on Feed 683
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2007 $1323 $2.04
648 2013 $1863 $3.04
611
Economics of Age and Weight
Weight 240 400 610 840 1050 1170 Age (mo) 2.5
5.5
10.0
13.5
18.0
22.0
Total Cost/Day $2.15
$2.79
$2.63
$3.08
$3.37
$3.93
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Points to Ponder
•
Do you raise all female replacement heifers?
•
Does genomics allow identification of superior animals?
•
Do you use sexed semen on the best heifers and cows?
•
Do you breed the bottom 1/3 cows to beef bulls?
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Message #8 Grouping Cows
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Economics of Three Production Groups
Milk yield Feed cost (lb/cow) ($/cow/day) 85 6.58
76 5.05
DMI Cost (lb/day) 49.8
($/lb DM) 0.132
42.7
0.112
41 3.80
35.3
0.107
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Economics of 85 lb vs. 76 lb TMR 1. Savings with two rations approach is $1.53 2. Adjusting for lower DMI $0.86 (42.7 lb x 13.2 cent/lb = $5.64 day (42.7 lb x 11.2 cent lb = $4.78 day 3. Milk loss when shifting cows (4 lb @ 19 cents)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
$0.76
Grouping Software Program
•
Dr. Victor Cabrera, U of WI
•
Compare one group vs. to 2, 3, or 4 groups
•
Download your DHI herd data (milk yield, components, DIM, and body weight)
•
Protein and energy costs
•
Current milk prices
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Grouping Software Program
•
Enter the loss of milk yield per cow
• •
Number of days of lost milk production Added costs of mixing rations
•
Savings on additives
•
Comparison of IOFC:
– –
Cluster (cows with similar needs) Dairy Merit (milk yield and body weight at .075 power)
–
FCM (fat corrected milk)
–
DIM (days in milk)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
•
Ration Selection
Cluster approach
•
Four lactating groups
•
120/120/120/110 cows per group
–
16.5% CP
–
15.1%CP
–
14.4%CP
–
13.2%CP
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
0.73 Mcal / lb DM 0.68 Mcal / lb DM 0.66 Mcal / lb DM 0.62 Mcal / lb DM
Economic Comparisons
•
1 vs 2 group $ 27,628 per year
•
1 vs 4 group
•
2 groups
–
300 / 170
–
100 / 370
–
235 / 235 $103,957 per year $1,359,105 $1,346,952 $1,359,108
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
•
Software Spreadsheet
http://dairymgt.info
• Select: tools • Select: feeding • Click on: grouping strategies University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Message #8 “Free Feed”
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
•
Control / Measuring Shrink
Measuring weigh-backs (1% to 2%)
•
Reducing feed losses
–
Forages
–
Concentrates
–
By-products (5 to 35%) (2 to 10%) (5 to 10%
•
Environment: moisture, wind , birds, mold
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Must Use Silage Inoculants
• 3% improvement in dry matter recovery • 2% increase in digestibility • Benefit to cost ratio ($1 per ton) – 3 : 1 on nutrient preserved – 8: 1 when fed to high producing cows University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Oxygen Barrier Covering
• 60 times more reduction in oxygen penetration in wet silage (using OTR or oxygen transfer rate comparisons) • Reduces DM loss by 50% in the top 1.5 to 3 feet of silage • Results in a 2 to 5% savings in dry matter retained University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Messages
•
Cows are always “talking” to us
•
Select areas that may give you the biggest “bang” for your time
•
Monitor values so when changes occur, you / we have a base line
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Make Economic-Based
•
Long Term Correct Decisions Maintain a solid mineral program
•
Holstein heifers must gain 1.6 – 1.8 lb / day
•
SCC must be below 200,000
•
Days open must by under 120 days
•
Accelerated calf program is a must
•
Select additives that pay
•
Consider a low group TMR
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Feed Changes: Cow Responses
• • • •
Change in MUN by 3 units (8 to 12) Change in manure score by one unit (3.0) Change in body condition score by 0.5 (3.0) Change > 3 lb of management level milk
• •
Change > 0.2 % milk fat unit Change > 0.1% milk protein unit
•
Change 2 lb of dry matter intake
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/ http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/dairynet/
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Questions?
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign