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研读课标 把握方向 夯实基础 科学备考 河北省教育科学研究所 杨永军 主要内容 2011年河北省高考英语学科考试数据介绍 2012年高考面临的挑战 2011年—2012年高三英语教学指导建议 2011年全省高考报名情况统计表 地市 石家庄 唐山 人数 78237 45352 比例% 17.03 9.87 秦皇岛 邯郸 邢台 15596 53047 45349 3.39 11.55 9.87 保定 张家口 承德 沧州 72483 24711 19717 38911 15.78 5.38 4.29 8.47 廊坊 衡水 24027 40918 5.23 8.91 2011年河北省高考英语学科数据 总体情况: 全省考生英语成绩呈双峰分布,平均分85.96,人 数分布较高的峰值位于110—115分区间,较低的峰值 位于30—35分区间,略微呈现两极分化倾向。平均分 左侧分数范围较宽但人数比例较低,平均分右侧分数 范围较窄但人数比例较高。 2011年全省高考英语成绩概况 地市 衡水 石家庄 保定 沧州 张家口 唐山 平均分 99.23 86.16 89.93 88.6 85.38 84.95 秦皇岛 邯郸 邢台 承德 廊坊 平均分 81.17 80.33 81.05 81.09 82 地市 全省英语平均分85.96 2011年河北省高考英语试题难度一览表 题号 得分率 (%) 总 数 百分比 80 3,5,8,21,28,40,62,63,66, 9 10.47% 70 60 10,16,17,22,29,34,35,39,45,46,48,49,54,55,59 ,61,65, 17 6,7,9,19,25,27,33,38,43,44,50,51,64,79,86 15 19.77% 17.44% 50 40 1,4,11,18,26,30,31,37,60,67,73,75,77, 81,82,84 16 2,15,23,41,47,53,56,58,69,70,71, 11 18.60% 12.79% 30 12,13,20,32,52,72,74,80,83 9 10.47% 20 14,24,36,42,76,78 6 6.98% 10 57,68,85 3 3.49% 57. Shelly takes her dance teacher as a role model mainly because she is _____.(19.17) A. determined B. friendly C. strict D. experienced “she’s always been my role model. I’ve danced with her since I was six. She’s been through so many difficulties and came through them all. I’ve learned to get over bad life’s experiences and learned how to move on because of her.” 68. The cards had been______(卡住) through the letterbox. 85. If you’d like to make trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 14.This shop will be closed for repairs ______ notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at further 22-24 .…A man will be 22 the newspaper, and seconds later it 23 as if he is trying to 24 it. 22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading 23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds 24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish 36.Police reports are full of 35 that occur when people fall into sleep and go 36 the road. A. up B. off C. along D. down 42. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at? A. Helping the young find jobs. B. Protecting the neighborhood. C. Fighting against graffiti. D. Attracting more visitors. 76-78. It’s been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. 12. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is ______ another to play it well yourself. A. quite B. very C. rather D. much 13.Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and _____. A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either C. Tom will too D. so will Tom 20. —So you gave her your phone? —______ she said she'd return it to me when she could afford her own. A. My pleasure B. Not exactly C. No doubt D. All right A more embarrassing(尴尬)situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the 30 of the head pushes the arm off the 31 , and the movement carries the 32 of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no 33 of getting there. 30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength 31. A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book 32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side 33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose 52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought______. A. the American bank didn't think much of him B. the American bank might hire another person C. it's difficult to get used to American culture D. it's easy to misunderstand Americans 72. He put the rubbish into the ________ (塑料) bag and took it downstairs. 74. Tall people like rooms with high _____(天花板). plastic, ceilings 80-84 My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of day. However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. 2011年河北省高考英语阅卷工作介绍 海云天科技阅卷系统 评卷监控、评卷管理、查询统计、培训考核、试评管理、工 作统计 评卷 监控 教师 监控 分值 分布 自评 监控 平均分 标准差 监控 监控 各题 进度 总体 进度 2011年河北省高考英语阅卷工作介绍 质检要求,大局要稳定,考试要安全,一个核 心理念,三个工作标准。以人为本,以考生为本,满 足公众的需要、招生的需要、和中学发展的需要。 对高分、低分、零分、问题卷、怀疑卷、仲裁 卷重点检查,并关注三评率、恶性误差,有效的防 止打保险分、误操作分、进度过快或过慢等现象的 发生。 2011年河北省高考英语阅卷工作介绍 计算机辅助阅卷一目了然 6月15日下午5:55 任务总量 450938 出成绩量 441482 出成绩率 97.9% 未完成量 9456 未完成率 2.1% 平均分18.72/19.39 平均速度 20 s 在线人数 124/145 预计时间 0.85/0.72 h 2011年河北省高考英语阅卷工作介绍 阅卷日志: 阅卷第二天 7:30大家准时开始工作。全勤。阅卷教师都很努 力。出现问题,及时沟通。速度发生偏离的老师,要 单独交流提醒…… 阅卷第四天: 有些学生背写范文,套用提示中的词语,混淆阅 卷老师的关注点。但三位老师、甚至四位老师的眼睛 是雪亮的。 2011年河北省高考英语阅卷工作介绍 阅卷日志: 阅卷第六天 今天上午大家都很关注自己的无效卷。这回评卷的感受就 是高考作文赋分越来越科学了。如: 一评 17 二评19 正评得分18 一评 25 二评19 三评22 一评 17 二评4 一评 17 二评25 怀疑卷:一评8 三评11 正评得分23.5 三评21 仲裁10 二评24 正评得分23 (就高不就低) 三评22 正评得分23 当差距过大时就会成为怀疑卷,有老师专门进行四评。 高考阅卷中书面表达的评分方法 总分的1/6,即作文的阈值是5分 5分以内,学生的得分就是其平均分。 1评19分,2评21分,学生的最终得分20分。 超过5分,就要3评,结果可能有3种结果。 17, 27, 19 最后得分18分 17, 25, 21 最后得分23分 3评分都超过阈值,则交给仲裁组终评。 评分细则: (1)时态整体错误,原则上降半档(3分), 时态混乱扣一档。 (2)文题不对不予计分。 (3)拼写错误四处扣一分。同一个单词出现拼写错误多次,不 累计扣分。 (4)全部汉语书写不予计分。部分汉语,部分英语,只按英语 部分计分。 (5)按试题要求中所列的内容格式、且字面翻译的词组纳入一 档计分,即1-6分。 (6)人称混用,如二三人称并用,扣一档6分。 三项要点: 连惯性; 语言句子(复杂句); 语言是否地道(idiomatic) 卷面清楚 2012年高考面临的挑战 1. 试卷结构和题型发生明显变化 ①增加“听力测试”、“补全短文” ②“短文改错”发生变化 ③去掉“语音知识”、“补全对话”、 “单词拼写”题型 ④“阅读理解”短文由5篇减为4篇 ⑤“书面表达”分值降低(30分减为25 分) 2. 基础知识复习的容量增加 ① 词汇量有原来2000左右增加至3000以 上。 ② 语法项目增加了2种时态:“将来进行 时”和“现在完成进行时” ,要求学 生掌握并熟练运用的时态由原来8种增 加到10种,增加“虚拟语气”和“强 调”两个语法项目,删去了对“同位 语从句”和“感叹词”的要求。 高考英语听力试题分析 第一节 第二节 年份 Text 1 Text 2 Text 3 Text 4 Text 5 Text 6 Text 7 Text 8 Text 9 Text 10 2011 戏剧 找宾馆 约定 时间 远足 看电影 生日 聚会 度假 二手烟 城市 生活 做梦 2010 周末 计划 T恤衫 价格 周日 活动 银行营 业时间 宾馆 服务 租房 旅行 归来 电话 留言 交通 事故 校园 参观 2009 购物 住宿 邀请 活动 工作 确认 座位 购物 个人 经历 学校 生活 机场 趣事 2008 天气 人物 演员 论文 工作 照看 婴儿 空气 污染 旅行 借车 课程 2007 喝茶 接人 开会 购物 旅行 歌手 生日 礼物 找工作 新居 上班 语言 学习 2006 买票 登机 交通 送电脑 穿衣 打电话 住宾馆 工作 接待 访客 婴儿 学话 2005 购物 报告 礼物 室友 找人 加班 换工作 业余 爱好 出行 家人 关系 考查要点 年份 理解说话者的 理解主旨和要 获取事实性的 对所听内容作 意图、观点和 义 具体信息 出简单推断 态度 2011 2 10 6 2010 1 14 5 13 5 2 2009 2 2008 2 10 4 4 2007 1 13 4 2 10 8 2 12 4 2 2006 2005 2 词数 第一节 第二节 合计 累计时间 (一遍) 2011 136 730 866 5'57'' 146wpm 2010 157 692 849 5'33'' 153wpm 2009 122 639 761 4'19" 176wpm 2008 116 575 691 4'47" 145wpm 2007 130 511 641 4'27" 144wpm 2006 160 660 820 5'32" 148wpm 2005 138 627 765 5'15" 146wpm 年份 平均语 速 影响听力理解的因素 (1)主观因素(考生方面): 语言能力 语言知识:语音、语法、词汇 语言技能:听、说、读、写 文化背景知识 心理素质 记忆能力 短时或瞬时记忆力 听力策略 听前、听时、听后做什么,怎么做 (2)客观因素(测试方面): 听力材料 信息量、冗余信息量 语言难度:陌生词汇、句子结构等 专有名词:人名、地名、机构名、公司名等 听力试题 设题角度 干扰项的干扰程度 推断题的多少 听力录音 朗读语速 朗读者的口音 放录音的次数 听力材料的选取 (1)听力材料的来源 (Different sources of listening) 教师 (Teacher talk) 学生 (Student talk) 演讲者 (Guest speakers) 教材录音 (Textbook recordings) 广播 (Radio) 电视 (Television) 光盘 (CD, DVD) 磁带 (Tape) 歌曲 (Songs) 互联网 (The Internet) (2)利用互联网 (Use the Internet) 在Google键入关键词: ELT listening downloads English listening listening test English conversation … (3)实用的网址 (Useful website addresses) 新闻时事网址 (News/current affairs-based): www.bbc.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews www.voanews.com/english/portal.cfm www.cnn.com www.cbsnews.com www.euronews.net www.britfm.com 英语教学网址 (ELT/ESL-based): www.esl-lab.com (免费,难中易 题、答案、录音稿,美音) www.englishlistening.com (收费,题、答案、录音稿, 美音) www.cdlponline.org (免费, 慢速,视频,美音) www.esl.about.com/homework/esl/cs/listeningresource/index.html (测试题多,录音稿,多种口音) www.eviews.net/accentsinenglish.html (收费, 试题,录音稿,多种口音) www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish (免费,定期更新,录音稿,关键词释义) 录音制作软件网址 (For teachers to make recordings): http://audacity.sourceforge.net 听力训练的指导 (1)养成良好的听力习惯 保持良好的心态 学会用英语思维 *边听边记录 带着问题积极地听 (2)精听和泛听相结合 精听:逐词、逐句、逐段、逐篇反复听,听懂为止 泛听:听各种媒体上的,带题和不带题的,听懂大意即可 (3)训练短时或瞬时记忆能力 重复记忆法 重点记忆法 情景记忆法 (4) 掌握听的微技能 听前 (Pre-listening) 听时 (While-listening) 听后 (Post-listening) (5)加强听写、听读、背诵、阅读等的训练 听写、听读、背诵对话和独白 (6)加强高考听力题型的适应性训练 课上训练 课下训练 训练时间 训练量 (7)调整考场上的心理状态 七选五阅读 阅读理解七选五(也有阅读填空等称呼),即给 出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,根据 文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白 处。 “提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问 题和解决问题的能力” —《课程标准》 “如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章, 必须对文 章的结构有所了解, 把握住全篇的文脉, 即句与句、 段与段之间的逻辑关系。” —《宁夏考试说明》 分析篇章结构,把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关 键,英语的语篇(discourse)通常是由句子和语段 (sentence group)构成的,语段是句子和语篇之间 的中间层次,句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思 想,但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想,只 有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段,才能表达一个 相对独立的层意(章振邦,1985),所谓的“积句而 成章,积章而成篇。”就是这个道理。 One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of ∧ lunches we brought from our homes. I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school. The smell from it was very good. Since the lunch bell finally rang, my friends and I met under a tall tree and had our lunches. My best friend Aigulie was used to share her Nang with me. Nang is a specially kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much. Now Aigulie and I study at different colleges or we can only see each other during the summer vacation. I think over her a lot and I miss the food and the good time we had together. 76____ 77____ 78____ 79____ 80____ 81____ 82____ 83____ 84____ 85____ My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket buying to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen there for ∧ long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the a and floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my in pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange to travel were without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend, he lent to me lots of clothes. luggage friend’s I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last. felt 形式变但规律没有变 1.动词出现的错误(2-4) 2.形容词与副词的误用(1) 3.连词、从句的误用(1-2) 4.一致问题(主谓/代词/前后) 5.冠词的误用/少用/多用(1-2) 6.名词的单复数(1) 7. 代词的误用(1-2) 8.介词的错误 (1-2) 假定你是李华,正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程, 遇到一些困难,希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定,你须书面预约,请 按下列要点写一封信: 1.本人简介; 2.求助内容; 3.约定时间; 4.你的联系方式 (Email:[email protected];Phone:12345678) 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.结束语以为你写好。 书面表达评价强化表 班级______ 姓名_______ 评价项目 拼 写(5分) 笔 迹(5分) 内容要点(5分) 用词贴切、丰富,句子 得体、流畅(5分) 句式多变(5分) (应用较多语法结构) 文章结构紧凑(5分) (有效使用连接词) 总 分(30分 ) 组_____ 学生自评 互评者姓名______ 生生互评 教师评价 命题情况分析 书面表达 内容方面:跑题(议论体)、漏要点(四个要点) 语言方面:词汇、句子结构、语法 eg. a regular reader—a honest reader I am a loyal reader.—I was a loyal reader. I very like this newspaper. 结构方面:段落混乱 书写方面:潦草、大小写混用、标点英汉混用、字迹难辨等 有关写作命题的变化 半开放式写作, 基础和能力的完美结合。从过 去翻译要点为主,转变到自主表达的层面上, 真正体现了“书面表达” 。 在语言和文章结构要求上, 比全国卷II要高。 这种命题方式能较好地考查考生的语言组织能 力、书面表达能力以及思维能力。 低阶能力 低阶能力是运用低阶思维解决简单问题或完成简单学习任 务的心理特征,通常表现为机械的记忆、浅层次的理解和近迁 移的应用能力等。 低阶学习 低阶学习是指运用低阶思维进行机械的学习,通常是被动 的、外在牵制的、接受的、抽象的和单独的。 局限于学习者低阶能力培养的教学是低层次的教学。从认 知水平层次上看,它在教学目标、教学方式和教学评价上主要 局限于低阶认知水平层次,如识记、理解和应用,忽视高阶认 知水平层次,如分析、评价和创造等方面的发展。 高阶能力 高阶能力是以高阶思维为核心(创新思维、问题求解、决策 制定、批判性思维)的解决复杂问题或完成复杂任务的心理特征。 根据目前的研究,高阶能力主要包括十大能力: 创新、问题求解、决策、批判性思维、信息素养、团队协作、兼 容、获取隐性知识、自我管理和可持续发展能力。 高阶思维 高阶思维是指发生在较高认知水平层次上的心智活动或较高 层次的认知能力,在教学目标分类中通常表现为较高认知水平层 次的能力,如分析、评价和创造。 高阶学习 高阶学习是指运用高阶思维进行有意义的学习,它通常是主 动的、建构的、反思的、真实的和合作的。随着时代的发展,特 别是智能化信息技术的发展,社会和个人发展的需求日益要求教 育机构重视培养学习者的高阶能力。 布卢姆的认知类型理论与外语学习活动设计 类型层次 定义 要求学生做 的事 活动设计的 提示词 认识 knowledge 重现某个信 息或指出其 位置 按指令做出 反应、吸收 、记忆、辨 认 tell, list, define, recall, identify, state, know, remember, repeat, recognize 理解 明白交际材 料或信息的 意义 解释,笔译 ,演示,口 译 transform, change, restate, describe, explain, review, paraphrase, relate, generalize, summarize, interpret, infer, give main idea comprehension Knowledge Recall data or information Useful Verbs tell list describe relate locate write find state name Sample Question Stems What happened after...? How many...? Who was it that...? Can you name the...? Describe what happened at...? Who spoke to...? Can you tell why...? Find the meaning of...? What is...? Which is true or false...? Potential activities and products Make a list of the main events.. Make a timeline of events. Make a facts chart. Write a list of any pieces of information you can remember. List all the .... in the story. Make a chart showing... Make an acrostic. Recite a poem. Comprehension Understand the meaning, translation, interpolation, and interpretation of instructions and problems. State a problem in one's own words. Useful Verbs Sample Question Stems explain interpret outline discuss distinguish predict restate translate compare describe Can you write in your own words...? Can you write a brief outline...? What do you think could of happened next...? Who do you think...? What was the main idea...? Who was the key character...? Can you distinguish between...? What differences exist between...? Can you provide an example of what you mean...? Can you provide a definition for...? Potential activities and products Cut out or draw pictures to show a particular event. Illustrate what you think the main idea was. Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events. Write and perform a play based on the story. Retell the story in your words. Paint a picture of some aspect you like. Write a summary report of an event. Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events. Make a colouring book. 布卢姆的认知类型理论与外语学习活动设计 类型层次 定义 运用 Application 将规则、概念 解决新问题, apply, practice, 、原则和理论 演示、应用和 employ, use, demonstrate, 应用于新的情 构建知识 illustrate, show, 境/场合 report 分析 Analysis 将整体信息 讨论、揭示 分解 、排列、分 解 要求学生做 活动设计的 的事 提示词 Analyze, distinguish, examine, compare, contrast, survey, investigate, separate, classify, organize Application Use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an abstraction. Applies what was learned in the classroom into novel situations in the work place. Useful Verbs Sample Question Stems Potential activities and products solve show use illustrate construct complete examine classify Do you know another instance where...? Could this have happened in...? Can you group by characteristics such as...? What factors would you change if...? Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own...? What questions would you ask of...? From the information given, can you develop a set of instructions about...? Would this information be useful if you had a ...? Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work. Make a diorama to illustrate an important event. Make a scrapbook about the areas of study. Make a paper-mache map to include relevant information about an event. Take a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point. Make up a puzzle game suing the ideas from the study area. Make a clay model of an item in the material. Design a market strategy for your product using a known strategy as a model. Dress a doll in national costume. Paint a mural using the same materials. Write a textbook about... for others. Analysis Separates material or concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. Distinguishes between facts and inferences. Useful Verbs Sample Question Stems Potential activities and products analyse distinguish examine compare contrast investigate categorise identify explain separate advertise Which events could have happened...? I ... happened, what might the ending have been? How was this similar to...? What was the underlying theme of...? What do you see as other possible outcomes? Why did ... changes occur? Can you compare your ... with that presented in...? Can you explain what must have happened when...? How is ... similar to ...? What are some of the problems of...? Can you distinguish between...? What were some of the motives behind...? What was the turning point in the game? What was the problem with...? Design a questionnaire to gather information. Write a commercial to sell a new product. Conduct an investigation to produce information to support a view. Make a flow chart to show the critical stages. Construct a graph to illustrate selected information. Make a jigsaw puzzle. Make a family tree showing relationships. Put on a play about the study area. Write a biography of the study person. Prepare a report about the area of study. Arrange a party. Make all the arrangements and record the steps needed. Review a work of art in terms of form, colour and texture. 布卢姆的认知类型理论与外语学习活动设计 类型层次 定义 综合 Synthesis 将分散信息重 讨论、总结 新整合成特有 、连接、对 的、有创意的 照 成品或计划 create, invent, compose, construct, design, modify, imagine, produce, propose, what if… 评价 Evaluation 根据某种标准 评论、争议 来评判某材料 和辩论 或意见的价值 Judge, decide, select, justify, evaluate, debate, recommend, assess 要求学生做 活动设计的 的事 提示词 Synthesis Builds a structure or pattern from diverse elements. Put parts together to form a whole, with emphasis on creating a new meaning or structure. Useful Verbs Sample Question Stems Potential activities and products create invent compose predict plan construct design imagine propose devise formulate Can you design a ... to ...? Why not compose a song about...? Can you see a possible solution to...? If you had access to all resources how would you deal with...? Why don't you devise your own way to deal with...? What would happen if...? How many ways can you...? Can you create new and unusual uses for...? Can you write a new recipe for a tasty dish? can you develop a proposal which would... Invent a machine to do a specific task. Design a building to house your study. Create a new product. Give it a name and plan a marketing campaign. Write about your feelings in relation to... Write a TV show, play, puppet show, role play, song or pantomime about...? Design a record, book, or magazine cover for...? Make up a new language code and write material suing it. Sell an idea. Devise a way to... Compose a rhythm or put new words to a known melody. Evaluation Make judgments about the value of ideas or materials. Useful Verbs judge select choose decide justify debate verify argue recommend assess discuss rate prioritise determine Sample Question Stems Potential activities and products Is there a better solution to... Judge the value of... Can you defend your position about...? Do you think ... is a good or a bad thing? How would you have handled...? What changes to ... would you recommend? Do you believe? Are you a ... person? How would you feel if...? How effective are...? What do you think about...? Prepare a list of criteria to judge a ... show. Indicate priority and ratings. Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest. Make a booklet about 5 rules you see as important. Convince others. Form a panel to discuss views, eg "Learning at School." Write a letter to ... advising on changes needed at... Write a half yearly report. Prepare a case to present your view about... 教师的支架作用 支架作 用 目的、作用和形式 1.概念 支持 目的是帮助学习者决定要思考的问题,或确定重要性的先后次序。概念支持可以 简化复杂的概念,达到认知资源与学习任务的最佳配置。支持的形式可以是大纲 的方式,引导信息的陈述,帮助建立主题之间的关系;也可以由学习者来生成, 如运用概念地图表示不同概念之间的关系 2.元认 知支持 目的是帮助学习者评价所掌握的内容和学习过程中的表现。元认知支持为学习者 引导了一条认知路径,使学习者投入到复杂的学习过程之中,比如批判性思维和 反思性学习。支持形式可以是简单的,如记事簿—用来反思目标、问题或者达成 目标/解决问题的方法;也可以是比较复杂的,帮助学习者组织所学的知识,帮助 学习者反思、决策和确定知识的良性发展或不足之处 3.过程 支持 目的是帮助学习者利用资源。过程支持既可以帮助学习者明晰学习需求,也可以 为学习者引导认知路径,使各种学习活动/资源围绕既定的任务,避免认知资源浪 费在寻找技巧或导航结构之中。 4.策略 支持 目的是为学习者完成任务/解决问题提供多样化的方法。如学习某种新技能时,可 以为学习者安排专家咨询/实地演示,供学习者提出问题和观察;可以建“问题库 ”,让学习者给他人提出问题或为他人提供解答,以获得问题解决的多种观点。 支持形式可以是专家系统或特定的软件支持系统。这种软件通常包括“下一步该 怎样做?”的功能,为使用者的进展提供建议,或为完成某一任务提供参考观点/ 方法 提倡“四个研究” •学生 •课程 •课堂 •社会实践 研究学生 Learner characteristics Learner charateristics are differences between learners which influence their attitude to learning a language and how they learn it. These differences influence how they respond to different teaching styles and approaches in the classroom, and how successful they are at learning a language. The differences include a learner’s motivation, personality, language level, learning style, learning strategies, age and past language learning experience. My family, my friends, my grades, my figure, my appearance, my interest, my future – to work or go on further education? My career, my honor, peer pressure, the expectation from my parents,… as a young adult, I have so many things to worry about. What can help me stand out from the rest of the The Four A’s class? Attitude Academic skills Awareness Accomplishment 学生能力达标分析 学期 高一上 级别 高一下 高二上 高二下 高三上 高三下 ?% 九级 ?% 八级 七级 六级 五级 ?% 研究课程 学习策略目标 级 策略 别 类别 认知 策略 八 级 资源 策略 目标描述 1.从不同角度认知新学语言项目,既关注语言项目的形式,又关注 其意义和用法; 2.在新旧语言知识之间建立联系; 3.根据形式、意义或用法对新学语言项目进行分类; 4.做笔记时能利用关键词、缩写、符号和数字等; 5.遵循记忆规律,提高记忆效果; 6.把一个领域的技能转移到另一领域。 能通过图书馆、互联网、报纸、杂志、广播或电视等多渠道资源 查找所需信息和材料, 例如:百科知识、专业文献、公共信息、 统计数据或新闻报道等 学习策略目标 级 策略 别 类别 调控 策略 八 级 交际 策略 目标描述 1.根据学习进展情况,调整学习计划和目标; 2.了解自己使用学习策略的效果,并根据需要进行调整; 3.能根据学习的需要,合理地分配注意力(把注意力集中在重点学 习活动上); 4.学习中遇到困难时能分析原因并尝试解决; 5.控制和调整英语学习过程中的情绪和情感。 1.通过解释、重复、举例和证实等方式澄清或论证观点; 2.能在必要时使用委婉语言来表达意思或想法; 3.根据语言使用环境,得体地使用语言; 4.交际中善于克服语言障碍,维持交际; 5.在真实交际中注意并遵守英语交际的基本礼仪。 高 中 阅 读 技 能 要 求 比 较 六 级 七 级 1、能从一般文字资料中获取主要信息; 2、能利用上下文和句子结构猜测词义; 3、能根据上下文线索预测故事情节的发展; 4、能根据阅读目的确定不同的阅读策略; 5、能通过不同信息渠道查找所需信息; 6、除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到18万词以上。 1、能从文章中获取和处理主要信息; 2、能理解文章主旨和作者意图; 3、能通过上下文克服生词困难、理解语篇意义; 4、能通过文章中的线索进行推理; 5、能根据需要从网络等资源中获取信息; 6、能阅读适合高中生的英语报刊和杂志; 7、除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到23万词以上。 八 级 九 级 1、能识别不同文体的特征; 2、能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句; 3、能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度; 4、能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中中获取信息并进行 加工处理; 5、能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品; 6、除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。 1、能阅读一般的英文报刊或杂志,从中获取主要信息; 2、阅读一般英文原著,抓住主要情节,了解主要人物; 3、能读懂各种商品的说明书等非专业技术性的资料; 4、能根据情景及上下文猜测不熟悉的语言现象; 5、能使用多种参考资料和工具书解决较复杂的语言疑难; 6、有广泛的阅读兴趣及良好的阅读习惯; 7、能有效地利用网络等媒体获取和处理信息。 阅读技能培养策略(表1) 技能 目的 活动 练习形式 预测 激发读者的阅读兴 趣和必要的背景知 识。 引导学生根据大标题、副标题、插图 、表格等对全文进行预测。从K过渡 到W(KWL) 讨论、选择、正误判 断和竞赛等 读文章标题、篇首段、结尾段以及每 段的第一句。 阅读后匹配标题;阅 读后给出标题;阅读 后找出主题句和信息 词。 在规定时间内查找要求具体信息; (who, where, when, what, why) 信息图表填充,选择, 正误判断,排序,提 问,记笔记,画图等 。 定义、同义、反义、举例、搭配、构 词法、常识等方法。 提问学生对单词或短 语的理解;替换练习 ; 单词构成分析;单 词释义辨析。 略读 (skimming) 了解文章中心大意 跳读 (scanning) 从较长的文字资料 中查寻特定的细节 内容 猜测词义 能够根据上下文寻 找线索,带着生词 阅读。 阅读技能培养策略(表2) 技能 目的 活动 练习形式 篇章结 构分析 把握作者思路,了解作者是 怎样将话题、主旨及支持细 节串联成连贯的文章。 分析段落与段落的关系、段落 内部句子之间的关系及语篇标 记词。 段落与大意配对;段落重新 排序;完成提纲或图表;找 出主题句和扩展句;分析概 括性句子和细节性句子,阅 读文章补充抽掉的语篇指示 语。 推理 理清上下逻辑关系,判断、 推理和引申去理解作者的意 图、观点或态度等。 注意那些似乎话中有话的间接 表达句,分析含义深刻或结构 复杂的句子。 正误判断,表格填充、讨论 等。 弄清指 代关系 抓住作者思路 分析句子,弄清替代词,辨析 同义词或近义词。 选择、填空 概括 阅读后更好的理解和记忆文 章的内容。 区分文章主题、主要信息和关 键词 填空练习,写文章概要 巩固技能,培养研读能力。 课外自选阅读;课外规定泛读 ,提交相关阅读报告;课外项 目阅读。 泛读 概念图在高中英语阅读教学中的应用 高 考 语 篇 特 色 题 型 短文填空题(上海、广东) 阅读表达题(山东) 任务型阅读题(江苏、安徽、湖南) 信息匹配(广东、浙江、辽宁、上海 、陕西、四川) 60. What suggestion does Shelley give to the teens?(50.93) 53. The word “highlights” in Paragraph 2 probably means________.(50.53) 58. How many children did the Hennigs have according to the text?(47.94) 56. What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?(46.49) 47. What made Happy different from Maxine and Party?(45.08) 41. What can be the best title for the text?(42.21) 42. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?(30.09) 52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought_______.(32.12) 57. Shelly takes her dance teacher as a role model mainly because she is _____.(19.17) 方法一: Work out which sentences in the following paragraph are rambling off the main topic. Then write out a corrected version. 方法二: Copy out this bit from a short story, starting new paragraphs where needed. 方法三: Here’s a paragraph from a persuasive essay. Rearrange the sentences into the following order: 1)main point; 2)development of main point; 3)evidence (quotes and statistics). 方法四: If you’re describing an event you should write things down in the order they happened. Put these sentences in order and write them out as a paragraph. 方法五: using transitional expression 方法六: Jigsaw-reading Here’s a paragraph from a persuasive essay. Rearrange the sentences into the following order: 1)main point; 2)development of main point; 3)evidence (quotes and statistics). Seventy-five students make use of the bus service; that’s a lot of extra cars. If our school bus was discontinued each child would have to travel to school individually. As the headteacher has said, “The pollution caused by the extra cars travelling to the school would have a bad effect on the environment.” We all know that school buses are environmentally friendly. We all know that school buses are environmentally friendly. If our school bus was discontinued each child would have to travel to school individually. Seventy-five students make use of the bus service; that’s a lot of extra cars. As the headteacher has said, “The pollution caused by the extra cars travelling to the school would have a bad effect on the environment.” 研究课堂 课堂教学流程板块 Opening warming up, guessing brainstorming,predicting, daily report. selecting core points and methods New concept samples functions knowledge& know activities New context micro skills instructions applications Closing checking,progress,notes,exercises exploration When we plan an individual lesson, we have to ask ourselves a number of questions: •Will the topic be interesting and motivating for my learners? •Are the activities and teaching materials at the right level for all the learners? •Have I planned enough for the time available? Do I need any extra material? •Have I planned too much for the time available? Are there any stages I can cut if necessary? •Have I thought about exactly how to start and end the lesson? •Does each step in the lesson help to achieve the aim? 六种教学模式的介绍 传统的/教师中心的 建构主义的/学生中心的 讲授模式 直接教学模式 概念教学模式 合作学习模式 基于问题的解决学习模式 课堂讨论模式 教学模式这一术语用以形容一种整体的教学方法或教学 计划。具有以下属性:是一个清晰理论框架,能指明学生应 该学什么,是具体的教学步骤、教学体系。 组织教学活动 Teaching activities A B C D E F G H choral drilling of pronunciation role-play dictation discussion story writing gap-fill exercises copying words repeating new words I describing pictures J learning conversations by heart K problem solving L information gap M true/false questions N labelling O a game P a survey Q multiple-choice questions R project work 选 择 和 运 用 教 学 资 源 What is a friend Someone who listens. Someone who tells you the truth about yourself and you listen and appreciate it. Someone who you would break all appointments to be with. Someone who arrives unexpectedly as you are going out and you want with all your heart to take them with you. Someone who you don’t want to leave no matter how much time you have spent with them. ② Thanksgiving, _____ falls on the fourth Thursday of November, is one of the biggest American holidays. When the first settlers, _____ came from Europe, arrived in America, they didn’t know how to survive in the new land. Luckily, they met some friendly American Indians, _____ showed them how to hunt turkeys and grow corn. After the harvest, the settlers had a great feast and thanked the Indians for their help. I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. 研究社会实践 姓名 自评 等第 阅读 内容 概述 文章 概念 图解 重点 词汇 短语 重点 语句 归纳 我的 观点 阅读文 章题目 A B C 文章 来源 D 计划阅读 完成时间 实际阅读 完成时间 建立班级英语手抄报 1.每6个学生组成一组,每周出版一期英语手抄报,其中有 “热点新闻’’、“班级明星榜”、“我是大作家’’“英语猜 谜乐园’’等版面。 2.依时间顺序,在“热点新闻”栏目中作一周热点新闻综述 (学生可参考《2 1世纪英语报》,也可撰写班级新闻)。 3.在“班级明星榜”中公布本周班级好人好事和在英语学习 取得优异成绩或进步最快的学生。 4.“我是大作家”展示学生优秀英语习作。 5.同时各小组可以自创栏目进行英语漫画、手工等创作活动, 为学生提供尽可能多的展示才艺的空间。 6.“英语猜谜乐园”出示一个英语脑筋急转弯或英语谜语, 第一位猜出谜底的学生被授予本周“智多星’’称号。 7.全班同学对每期班报进行文字评价。在期中和期末评选出 最佳设计奖。为获奖的小组颁奖。 内容范畴 能力范畴 学科素养 理论 课程本质/标准 教学目标分解 分析 学科知识结构 教学力 学科教学理论 测评力 命题原理 科研力 教科研理论 综合素养 方法/工具 知识树 教学设计 教学模式 试卷编制 实践应用 教材分析 备课与公开教 学 试卷编制与分 统计方法和分 析、指导 析工具 论文撰写 教育研究方法 (具体方法) 课题研究 教育背景性知识 自我管理 When you believe … There can be miracles, when you believe. Though hope is frail, it's hard to kill. Who knows what miracles you can achieve? Somehow you will, you will when you believe ! … 祝与会教师身体健康、家庭幸福、工作顺利! 学思结合,知行统一!仰望星空,脚踏实地! If you are not a school of the future, you may be a school without future.