Transcript Chapter 13: The Renaissance

Chapter 13: The
Renaissance
Lesson 1 Origins of
the Renaissance
Essential Question: What effect did
the reopening of the Silk Roads
have on Europe?
European Society Changes
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The Rise of Nations
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England, France became nations 1100-1200s;
replaced small kingdoms
Monarchs gained power and ruled over the
nation; replaced feudalism
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lords and landowners lost most of their power
End of Medieval Institutions
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Plague of 1300s depleted serf population;
feudal system weakened
Chivalry ended with Hundred Years War
between France, England
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longbow made knights and hand-to-hand combat
useless, outdated
The Silk Roads Reopen
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Feudalism and warfare declined; traders
felt safer traveling further
Revival of trade helped European cities,
merchant class grow
Silk Roads—ancient trade route
connecting Europe and China
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Mongols brought security to region; trade along
route grew in 1200s
Marco Polo
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In 1271, Italian trader Marco Polo began
journey along Silk Roads
Reached China, returned to Italy 24 years
later
Polo’s tales, success encouraged
commerce between Europe and Asia
The Adventures of Marco Polo
BOOK SECOND. PART I.
CHAPTER X. CONCERNING THE PALACE OF
THE GREAT KAAN
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You must know that it is the greatest palace that
ever was. … The roof is very lofty, and the walls
of the Palace are all covered with gold and silver.
They are also adorned with representations of
dragons [sculptured and gilt], beasts and birds,
knights and idols, and sundry other subjects. And
on the ceiling too you see nothing but gold and
silver and painting. [On each of the four sides
there is a great marble staircase leading to the top
of the marble wall, and forming the approach to
the palace.]
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The Hall of the Palace is so large that it
could easily dine 6000 people; and it is
quite a marvel to see how many rooms
there are besides. The building is
altogether so vast, so rich, and so beautiful,
that no man on earth could design anything
superior to it. …
DESCRIPTION OF THE GREAT CITY OF
KINSAY, WHICH IS THE CAPITAL OF THE
WHOLE COUNTRY OF MANZI4
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Inside the city there is a Lake which has a compass of some 30 miles:
and all around it are erected beautiful palaces and mansions, of the
riches and most exquisite structures that you can imagine, belonging to
the nobles of the city. There are also on its shores many abbeys and
churches of the Idolaters. In the middle of the Lake are two Islands, on
each of which stands a rich, beautiful and spacious edifice, furnished in
such style as to seem fit for the palace of an Emperor. And when any
one of the citizens desired to hold a marriage feast, or to give any other
entertainment, it used to be done at one of these palaces. And
everything would be found there ready to order, such as silver plate,
trenchers, and dishes [napkins and table-cloths], and whatever else
was needful. The King made this provision for the gratification of his
people, and the place was open to every one who desired to give an
entertainment. [Sometimes there would be at these palaces an
hundred different parties; some holding a banquet, others celebrating a
wedding; and yet all would find good accommodation in the different
apartments and pavilions, and that in so well ordered a manner that
one party was never in the way of another.]
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The Song period (960-1276) was a time of
economic growth, population growth, and
urbanization. Song cities, centers of
government and commerce, were among
the largest cities of the world. The
document excerpted below, by an unknown
author, describes the Southern Song
capital of Hangzhou — a city of between
seven and eight square miles — in 1235.
Markets
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During the morning hours, markets extend
from Tranquility Gate of the palace all the
way out to the north and south sides of the
New Boulevard. Here we find pearl, jade,
talismans, exotic plants and fruits, seasonal
catches from the sea, wild game — all the
rarities of the world seem to be gathered
here.
New Ways of
Thinking
Essential Question: Describe
Humanism and its affect on Europe.
Revival of Classical Learning
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Education declined during Middle Ages;
instability disrupted learning
Greater stability, trade reignited desire for
knowledge by 1200s
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scholars revived Greek, Roman classical ideas
and texts
The Growth of Humanism
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Humanism—focus on human beings and
their potential for achievement. Goal to
create well-rounded people through study
of classical subjects
Italian poet Petrarch led early movement;
restored many ancient texts
Humanist Thought
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Humanism stressed the importance of the
individual
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differed from medieval thinking; royalty, church
most important
Humanist Thought
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Stressed balance of intellect, religion over
blind faith in Church
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people could enjoy life and still be good
Christians
A New Age of Creativity
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Humanism inspired creativity, exploration,
experimentation
Led to creative movement that would reach
much of Europe
The Renaissance
Begins in Italy
Describe the factors that helped
make Italy the birthplace of the
Renaissance?
The Renaissance Begins
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Renaissance—movement of great
creativity in art, writing, thought. Means
rebirth.
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began in Italy and spread throughout Europe;
lasted 1300 to 1600
Growth of Independent Trading
Cities
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Italy was center of Roman Empire; artists
knew classical period well
Many trade routes passed through north
Italy; urban centers grew
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Florence, Venice, Milan became centers for
exchange of goods, ideas
Florence Shines
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Banking, clothing industries brought great
wealth to Florence
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one of Europe’s largest cities by early 1300s;
population 120,000
Florence Shines
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Many artists, writers
settled in Florence
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patrons—financial
supporters of artists
the Medici banking
family ruled Florence,
supported arts
Advances in the
Arts
In what areas did Renaissance
figures make notable achievements?
New Techniques
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Renaissance writers, painters
experimented with new techniques, styles
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sought more realism; abandoned twodimensional style of medieval art
Perspective—art technique that produced
three-dimensional appearance
Leading Figures
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Leonardo da Vinci—
born in 1452 near
Florence; painter,
inventor, scholar
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created masterpieces
such as The Last
Supper, Mona Lisa
Leading Figures
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Michelangelo—born
in 1475 in Italy;
sculptor and painter
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Moses, David, Sistine
Chapel ceiling are some
of his greatest works
Leading Figures
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Italian painter Raphael
studied the works of
da Vinci and others
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The School of Athens
was one of his most
famous masterpieces
Other Influential Artists
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Titian, used bright colors, broad strokes;
painted Crowning with Thorns
Sandro Botticelli’s style marked by delicate
colors, flowing lines
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paintings were poetic, not as realistic as other
Renaissance artists
Architecture and Engineering
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Filippo Brunelleschi was influential
Renaissance architect
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designed large domes for churches; including the
Duomo
created techniques for raising construction
materials onto buildings
Renaissance Writers
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Renaissance writers focused on portraying
real life
Dante Alighieri wrote nonfiction, poetry in
Italian instead of Latin
Cervantes
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Cervantes was influential Spanish writer;
greatest work is Don Quixote
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novel tells story of landowner who imagines he is
a knight
Machiavelli
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Machiavelli published The Prince in 1513;
realistic view of politics
Renaissance for the Rich
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Renaissance= upper class
Renaissance was largely an upper class
movement
Majority of Italians during the Renaissance
were middle class or poor
The Renaissance
Spreads
What was the greatest achievement
of the Renaissance? Justify your
answer with evidence.
The Renaissance Moves North
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Expanded trade, growth of cities spread
Renaissance across Europe
Unified governments of England, France
supported the arts with money
In late 1400s, artists fled war in Italy;
moved to northern Europe
Northern and Italian Renaissance
Differ
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Northern scholars did not study classics as
Italians did
Northern painters much more detailed in
depiction of everyday life
What do these movies have in
common?
Northern Writers
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William Shakespeare—most famous
northern Renaissance writer
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Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet are plays often
performed today
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65Cy4-rfd24&feature=player_embedded
The Elizabethan Age
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Elizabethan Age—period in England led
by Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=d
Xe8TJzAWUo&fea
ture=player_detail
page
Advances in Science and Technology
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Johann Gutenberg—inventor of the
printing press; printed Bible in 1455
printing press—machine that pressed
paper against inked movable type
The Impact of Printing
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Printing press had a
tremendous impact on
European society
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books became
widespread and cheap;
more people learned to
read
Renaissance ideas
spread more rapidly
across Europe
The Impact of Printing
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Writers wrote in the vernacular—native
language—rather than Latin
Mass printing of Bible allowed people to
interpret text themselves