Transcript Do Now - Schoolwires

Do Now
• 1. No living organism lives in isolation.
What evidence do you have that living
things require each other? (Provide 3
examples)
• 2. What area of biology studies this?
Objectives:
• Explain what
ecologists study.
• Determine the
difference between
abiotic and biotic
factors.
• List and describe the
different levels of
organization.
ECOLOGY
Chapter 2
What is Ecology?
• Ecology– Study of relationships among living organisms
and the interaction the organisms have with
their environments
Abiotic vs. Biotic
Biotic Factors:
– Living factors in an organism’s
environment
– Ex.
Abiotic Factors:
Nonliving factors in an
organism’s environment
Ex.
*Organisms adapt to survive in
the abiotic factors present in
their natural environment.*
Think-Pair-Share
– List all of the abiotic and biotic factors in this
video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXjI2kuNkhE
Levels of Organization
• Levels increase in complexity as the
numbers and interactions between
organisms increase.
– Organism
– Population
– Community
– Ecosystem
– Biome
– Biosphere
1. Organism
• A single living thing
2. Population
• several organisms of the same species
sharing space at the same time
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljqgyJx
tdU0
3. Community
• group of interacting organisms sharing
space at the same time
4. Ecosystem
• Biological Community and abiotic factors
in it
5. Biome
• Large group of ecosystems that share the
same climate and similar types of
communities
6. Biosphere
• Part of Earth that supports life
Think-Pair-Share
• Come up with an analogy starting with
your favorite animal for each level of
organization.
Think-Pair-Share
• How do you think scientists study
ecology?
• Design an experiment for the following:
– A. Measure the effect of algae on a goldfish
population in Lake Erie
– B. Venus fly traps react to rising carbon
dioxide emissions in the rainforest
– C. Research what happens when a gap in the
forest is formed.
Do Now
• List the abiotic and
biotic factors in this
picture (3 of each!)
Objectives
• SWBAT differentiate between habitat and
niche
• SWBAT provide examples of symbiotic,
competition, and predation relationships.
• SWBAT differentiate between
commensalism, parasitism, and
mutualism.
Lets Review…
• What are the levels of organization in
ecology? **Simplest to most complex***
Ecosystem Interactions
• A habitat is an area where an organism
lives.
• A niche is the role or position that an
organism has in its environment.
Community Interactions
• 1) Competition Occurs when more than
one organism uses a resource at the same
time (ex: prey, soil, sunlight)
– Intraspecific: competition between organisms
of the same species.
– Interspecific: competition between organisms
of different species.
Examples of Competition
• Interspecifichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38nwQ
0ydExs
• Intraspecific– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgScjtO5iE&feature=related
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDhNutbX
pFE
Community Interactions
• 2) Predation: An individual of one
species, called the predator, eats all or
part of an individual of another species
called the prey.
Predation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HY1kaH
z3OA0
Community Interactions
3) Symbiotic Relationships: when 2 or
more organisms live together.
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
Mutualism
*Both organisms benefit*
Commensalism
*One species benefits, the other is
unaffected*
Parasitism
*Host is harmed and the parasite benefits*
Symbiosis
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2
F1t81Q
What type of symbiosis?
• Humming birds feed on nectar from flowers.
Flowers are pollinated.
What type of symbiosis?
• Snapping shrimp have poor vision and depend on their goby
fish roommate to give the danger signal when predators
come.
Goby fish who don’t have a place to hide are quickly
eaten. The find a snapping shrimp roommate who digs a
hole form them both to live.
What type of symbiosis?
• Athlete’s foot fungus lives on the skin of humans
and feeds on a protein called keratin. Humans have
itchy, cracked skin which can become infected.
What type of symbiosis?
• Snails die and leave behind their shells. Hermit
crabs find shells left by snails..
Let’s try some examples
The act of one organism consuming
another organism for food is _______.
A. predation
B. parasitism
C. commensalism
D. mutualism
Which are biotic factors in a forest
environment?
A. plants and microscopic organisms
living in the soil
B. pH and salt concentration of the soil
C. sunlight, soil type and soil nutrients
D. temperature, air currents and rainfall
What is the name for a group of interacting
populations that occupy the same area at
the same time?
A. ecosystem
B. habitat
C. biological community
D. biotic collection
Which defines habitat?
A. all of the biotic factors in an ecosystem
B. an area where an organism lives
C. an area in which various species
interact
D. the role or position that an organism has
Practice!
• Get with a partner and work on a review of
section 2.1
• SAVE THIS WORKSHEET! WE WILL
FINISH IT TOMORROW
Match the following types of
relationships to their examples
A. Commensalism 1. Hawks eat small snakes.
B .Mutualism
2. Leeches drain away your lifeblood and
leave you with a scar.
C. Predation
3. Frog sits on a lilly pad to help it reach it’s
prey. The lilly pad is not harmed.
D. Parasitism
4. The bacteria that live in tree roots create
a source of usable nitrogen for the tree and
a safe environment for the bacteria.
E. Competition
5. Several species of birds use the same
trees to nest.
Do Now Lab
• What is a food web?
• What types of organisms are shown in a
food web?
• Draw a food web with 5 organisms in it
(you don’t have to draw the organisms just
the arrows)
Objectives
• To explain how organisms get their
energy.
• To define the different types of autotrophs
and heterotrophs.
• To construct a food web.
Organization of Matter and Energy
• Autotrophs- make
their own food
(chemosynthesis and
photosynthesis)
• Ex.
• Heterotrophsconsume other
organisms for energy
Autotrophs
are also
known as
Producers
Consumers
Herbivores- eat ONLY
producers
Consumers
Carnivores- eat ONLY other
consumers
Consumers
Omnivores- consume plants
and animals
Consumers
Detritivores- feed on the
“garbage” in the ecosystem
• Scavengers
• Decomposers
Scavengers
Feed on organisms that have
recently died
Decomposers
Break down complex molecules
• Make nutrients available to autotrophs
• Recyclers
Organization of Matter and Energy
• Food Chain models the energy flow
through an ecosystem.
• A food chain only follows just one path
as animals find food.
• Each step in a food chain or food web is
called a trophic level.
Food Chain – Flow of Energy
Snake
Energy
Mouse
Energy
Grass
But as food is eaten,
heat is released!
Snake
Energy
Mouse
Energy
Grass
Food Web
• A food web – is
interconnected food
chains and pathways in
which energy flows
through a group of
organisms.
• A food web shows
the many different
paths plants and
animals are
connected.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW7Pl
TaawfQ
Think-Pair-Share
• 1. With the person sitting next to you..
Create a food chain with at least 4
different levels.
• Must include Grass.
• 2. SWITCH partners and combine your 3
food chains to form a food web.
Conclusion Activity
Lab!
• Today we will each be constructing our
own food webs! Follow the directions on
the lab and be sure to answer the
questions. You may choose your own lab
partners today!
Do Now
• Match the following types of relationships to their
examples
A. Commensalism
1. Hawks eat small snakes.
B .Mutualism
2. Leeches drain away your lifeblood and
leave you with a scar.
C. Predation
3. Frog sits on a lilly pad to help it reach it’s
prey. The lilly pad is not harmed.
D. Parasitism
4. The bacteria that live in tree roots create a
source of usable nitrogen for the tree and a
safe environment for the bacteria.
E. Competition
5. Several species of birds use the same
trees to nest.
Objectives
– To explain what an ecological pyramid is and
what information it can give us.
– To understand the water cycle and it’s impact
on life.
– To determine how both carbon and nitrogen
are used and cycled.
Ecological Pyramids
Diagram that can show the relative amounts of:
energy
biomass
numbers of organisms
AT EACH TROPHIC
LEVEL!
Biomass- Total mass of living matter at each
trophic level
Ecological Pyramids
• 90% of all energy is not transferred to the
level above (energy is consumed at current
level)
• Bio mass and # of organisms decrease at
each level
Quiz yourself…
Cycles
– Biogeochemical cycle- exchange of matter
through the biosphere.
– Energy is transformed into usable forms
– Cycling of nutrients in the biosphere
involves
• Matter in living organisms
• Physical processes found in the
environment
– Ex. weathering
QUICK!
–Why is it important to living
organisms that nutrients cycle?
–A: Cycling makes nutrients
available for other organisms to
use.
Water cycle
– Who remembers the water cycle from last
year? What processes are involved?
Water cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen – needed to make proteins
• Conversion of nitrogen into a form that is
useable by plants is called nitrogen
fixation.
Nitrogen Fixation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NK
GS4bj7cc
Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen enters the food web when plants
absorb nitrogen compounds from soil.
• Consumers get nitrogen by eating plants or
animals that contain nitrogen.
• Nitrogen is returned to the soil in several ways:
1. Animals urinate.
2. Organisms die.
3. Organisms convert ammonia into
nitrogen compounds. (Nitrogen Fixation)
4. Denitrification: take fixed nitrogen and
convert it back to gas
Finish Worksheet!
• Get with a partner to finish the back side
of your worksheet from the other day.