Transcript Renaissance
Baroque ba-roque / bə-’rōk According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary: 1. An irregularly shaped pearl. 2. of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a style of artistic expression prevalent in the 17th century that is marked generally by extravagant forms and elaborate and sometimes grotesque ornamentation and specifically also in architecture by dynamic opposition and the use of curved figures, in music by improvisation, contrasting effects and powerful tensions, and in literature by complexity of form and bizarre, bizarre ingenious and often ambiguous imagery. Baroque 1600 - 1750 Music, art, architecture and literature became elaboratley detailed and ornamented People of the Baroque era tended to find strength in both sides of any question Baroque 1600 - 1750 “Religion was of vital importance, profoundly affecting the literature, philosophy, science, art, and music of the period. … Yet the secular side of life was also more important than ever before in the Christian era, and much Baroque art had a decidedly popular character. (Ferris, 99). Baroque History 1600 1602 1605 1607 1606 1611 1612 1615 1616 1618 1619 1620 1626 1631 1636 1637 1639 1642 Dutch opticians invent the telescope Galileo investigates laws of gravitation and oscillation Shakespeare writes King Lear, Macbeth and Antony and Cleopatra Jamestown, VA is founded John Milton is born King James Bible is first published Tobacco is planted in Virginia Galileo faces the Inquisition for the first time William Shakespeare dies Sir Walter Raleigh returns to England and is executed First African slaves in N. America arrive in Virginia Pilgrims arrive in America Island of Manhattan purchased from Indian chiefs for about $24.00 Eng. Mathematician William Oughtred proposes symbol “X” for multiplication Harvard College is founded Japan prohibits contact with Europe First printing press in N. America Isaac Newton is born Baroque History 1650 1652 1656 1659 1660 1665 1675 1677 1680 1685 1685 1698 1701 1703 1704 1706 1709 1719 Tea is drunk in England for the first time First opera house in Vienna Rembrandt declares bankruptcy Henry Purcell is born Water closets arrive from France in England Great plague of London begins Antonio Vivaldi is born Ice cream becomes a popular dessert in Paris The Dodo bird becomes extinct Johann Sebastian Bach is born George Frederic Händel is born Metastasio is born Captain William Kidd is hanged for piracy Construction begins on Buckingham Palace First American newspaper, Boston News Letter Benjamin Franklin is born Pianoforte is invented Leopold Mozart is born Baroque Art The Expulsion of the Money Lenders From the Marketplace, Rembrandt Baroque artistic characteristics Space filled with action and movement Baroque Art Baroque artistic characteristics Sense of Dynamics and Passion Marriage à la Mode: The Contract, William Hogarth Baroque Art Bust of the Savior, Gianlorenzo Bernini baroque artistic characteristics Creating illusion Baroque Architecture Christ Church, London England, 1715 – 1729 Nicholas Hawksmoor Architectural Characteristics Twisting, curling designs Elaborate carvings Baroque Architecture Piazza di Pietra, Rome, Italy 1656 - 1667 Gianlorenzo Bernini Baroque Architecture Chateau de Versailles Versailles, France 1661 - 1774 Numerous architects Baroque Henry Purcell 1659 - 1695 Music Musical Characteristics of the Baroque Polyphonic texture Word Painting Contrasting dynamics Dramatic choral works (cantatas and oratorios) Purcell was the leading English composer of the Baroque period. He wrote more than 100 songs, chamber music, dramatic music, odes, some sacred songs, harpsichord suites and organ music. Baroque Music Antonio Vivaldi 1678 - 1741 Musical Characteristics of the Baroque Polyphonic texture Word Painting Contrasting dynamics Dramatic choral works (cantatas and oratorios) Vivaldi was the leading Italian composer of the late Baroque. He wrote 500 concertos, 50 operas, 40 Cantatas, and a great deal of church music including oratorios, motets and psalms. Baroque J. S. Bach 1685 - 1750 Music Musical Characteristics of the Baroque Polyphonic texture Word Painting Contrasting dynamics Dramatic choral works (cantatas and oratorios) Master of the baroque style, Bach wrote over 300 church cantatas, several masses, a magnificat, two passions, oratorios, motets, organ music, keyboard music, 6 sonatas for violin, 6 Brandenburg Concertos, and numerous other types of music. Baroque G.F. Händel 1685 - 1759 Music Musical Characteristics of the Baroque Polyphonic texture Word Painting Contrasting dynamics Dramatic choral works (cantatas and oratorios) Händel wrote more than 40 operas, 30 oratorios, 40 sonatas and 100 cantatas (all secular). He was the major force in English musical life during his lifetime and had a great influence on the works of Haydn. Baroque Authors Rene Descartes 1596 - 1631 Descartes was a philosopher and mathematician. He believed that in all things only mathematics was certain, therefore, all knowledge must be based on mathematics. Baroque John Milton 1608 - 1674 Authors English poet best known for hie epic poem Paradise Lost based on the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the garden of Eden. Baroque Authors Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Molière 1622 - 1673 Molière left behind a body of work which not only changed the face of French classical comedy, but has gone on to influence the work of other dramatists the world over. The greatest of his plays include The School for Husbands (1661), The School for Wives (1662), The Misanthrope (1666), The Doctor in Spite of Himself (1666), Tartuffe (1664,1667,1669), The Miser (1668), and The Imaginary Invalid (1673).