Transcript Slide 1

Highway Deer Identification
System
May07-11 Team Information:
Members
Matthew Bonneau
Tony DeLouis
Nathan Schoening
Steve Schreiber
Advisor
Client
Dr. Degang Chen
Senior Design
Dr. John W. Lamont
Prof. Ralph E. Patterson III
July 21, 2015
Presentation Outline

Introduction

Project Overview

Project Activities

Resources/Schedules

Conclusion

Demonstration

Questions
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
List of Definitions

Days of Autonomy
 The
number of days a standalone system runs without
power input

Geophone
 Device
that converts seismic vibrations into alternating
current

IR
 Infrared

PV
 Photovoltaic
July 21, 2015
(solar electric)
May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Problem Statement

Deer Vehicle Collisions
 Dangerous
 Costly
 Potential

for mitigation
Active Detection and
Warning
 Sense
the presence of
deer on/near road
 Warns motorists only
when hazard exists
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Operating Environment

Environment
 Primarily
Rural Highway
 -10 to 100°C
 0 to 100% Relative
Humidity
 Precipitation

Hazards
 Plows
 Mowing
 Utility/Road
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Maintenance
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Intended Users and Uses

Intended Users
 Motorists
 Installation/Maintenance

Personnel
Intended Uses
 Warn
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Motorists to Hazard On/Near Roadway
May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Assumptions and Limitations

Assumptions
 Deer
are not the only hazard
 Minimal spurious warnings
 Needs to be more cost-effective than best
alternative

Limitations
 Minimal
maintenance
 Potentially harsh operating environment
 Function without electric grid
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
End Product and Deliverables

Detailed design for geophone-based
deer detection system
 Component
specifications
 Circuit diagrams
 Wiring diagrams
 Design for appropriate photovoltaic system
 Prototype of detection/warning circuit
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Present Accomplishments

Accomplishments:
 Designed
the photovoltaic system
 Designed the detection/warning hardware
 Operationally tested the detection/warning
hardware
 Functionally tested entire system
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Approaches Considered

Laser-“Break the Beam”
 Can’t

track deer across road
IR Motion
 Similar
to home security system
 Can’t discriminate

IR Optical Recognition
 Expensive
equipment
 Required sophisticated processing
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Approach Used

Geophone-based sensing
 Detect
vibrations in the
ground
 Signal conditioning
Amplification
 Filtering

 Peak
detection
 LED Warning signs
 Photovoltaic power supply
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Project Definition






Automated system to warn approaching
vehicles that deer are near the highway
System to protect one mile of highway
Efficient and cost-effective
Continue warning until deer have left road
area
Ignore crossroads and driveways
Standalone power supply
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Research

Existing Systems
 What
technologies
exist?
 Which work best?

Geophones
 Signal
strength?
 Seismic
frequencies?
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Research
JASON D. WOOD, CAITLIN E. O'CONNELL-RODWELL, SIMON L.
KLEMPERER (2005). Using seismic sensors to detect elephants
and other large mammals: a potential census technique. Journal of
Applied Ecology. 42 (3), 587–594.
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Design

Photovoltaic System


Geophones



Detect vibrations
Deer: ≈25 Hz
Signal Conditioning



Provide standalone power
Amplification
Filtering
Detection/Warning


Peak detection
Flashing LEDs
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Design

Photovoltaic
System
 12VDC
Output
 3 Days of
Autonomy
Photovoltaic
Panel
Charge
Controller
85 Watts
15 Amps
Battery
12V Deep cycle
75 Amp-hours
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Design
Signal
Conditioning
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Design

Detection and Warning
Signal
Conditioning
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Comparator
Timer
HighIntensity
LEDs
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Implementation
Filtering
Buffer
and Amplification
High-Pass
Passive Filter
3 dB @ 0.079 Hz
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Low-Pass
Active Filter
3 dB @ 50 Hz
2-Stage 300x Gain
Low-Pass
Passive Filter
3 dB @ 29 Hz
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Implementation

Detection and Warning
 Considered
using microcontroller
 Team lacked programming experience
 Opted for analog peak detection
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Testing

Verified:
 High-pass
filtering
 300x amplification
 Edge detection
 DC Filter
 Geophone

Issues Revealed:
 Lack
of selectivity
 Range vs. sensitivity
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Resources
Personnel
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Efforts
Other
Resources
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Resources
Financial
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Resources
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Schedule
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Project Evaluation

Subsystem

Motorist
Warning

Signal
Conditioning

Photovoltaic
0%
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20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
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Project Evaluation
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Commercialization

Has Potential for Commercialization
 Some

systems are patented
Cost to Consumers
 $18,000 per mile
 Both sides of road
 200 geophones
 40% margin
 Excluding installation

Questions Remain
 Do
these systems reduce number/severity of deervehicle collisions?
 Iowa DOT cut funding of similar system
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Recommendations for
Additional Work

Validation
 Does
warning drivers reduce accident frequency?
 Long-term roadside testing

Additional Functionality
 Data


Logging:
Number of deer in given area
System activity vs. driver speed
 Diagnostics
 Microcontroller-based
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detection
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Lessons Learned

It’s easy to over-research/analyze and
put off making key decisions

Check your batteries

Take no action unless you know that it
will take you closer to your desired
outcome
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Risk Management

Risk
 Delay
in acquiring geophone
 Design detection circuit without having sensor

Risk Management
 Adjustable
gains and thresholds
 Kept filter stages flexible
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Closing Summary

Deer-vehicle collisions
 Cause
millions of dollars worth of damage
 Cause injuries and fatalities

Active warning systems
 Have
potential to reduce costs and injuries
 Are technically feasible
 Effectiveness is still unknown
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Questions?
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