Transcript Slide 1
Highway Deer Identification
System
May07-11 Team Information:
Members
Matthew Bonneau
Tony DeLouis
Nathan Schoening
Steve Schreiber
Advisor
Client
Dr. Degang Chen
Senior Design
Dr. John W. Lamont
Prof. Ralph E. Patterson III
July 21, 2015
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Project Overview
Project Activities
Resources/Schedules
Conclusion
Demonstration
Questions
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
List of Definitions
Days of Autonomy
The
number of days a standalone system runs without
power input
Geophone
Device
that converts seismic vibrations into alternating
current
IR
Infrared
PV
Photovoltaic
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(solar electric)
May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Problem Statement
Deer Vehicle Collisions
Dangerous
Costly
Potential
for mitigation
Active Detection and
Warning
Sense
the presence of
deer on/near road
Warns motorists only
when hazard exists
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Operating Environment
Environment
Primarily
Rural Highway
-10 to 100°C
0 to 100% Relative
Humidity
Precipitation
Hazards
Plows
Mowing
Utility/Road
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Maintenance
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Intended Users and Uses
Intended Users
Motorists
Installation/Maintenance
Personnel
Intended Uses
Warn
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Motorists to Hazard On/Near Roadway
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Assumptions and Limitations
Assumptions
Deer
are not the only hazard
Minimal spurious warnings
Needs to be more cost-effective than best
alternative
Limitations
Minimal
maintenance
Potentially harsh operating environment
Function without electric grid
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End Product and Deliverables
Detailed design for geophone-based
deer detection system
Component
specifications
Circuit diagrams
Wiring diagrams
Design for appropriate photovoltaic system
Prototype of detection/warning circuit
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Present Accomplishments
Accomplishments:
Designed
the photovoltaic system
Designed the detection/warning hardware
Operationally tested the detection/warning
hardware
Functionally tested entire system
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Approaches Considered
Laser-“Break the Beam”
Can’t
track deer across road
IR Motion
Similar
to home security system
Can’t discriminate
IR Optical Recognition
Expensive
equipment
Required sophisticated processing
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Approach Used
Geophone-based sensing
Detect
vibrations in the
ground
Signal conditioning
Amplification
Filtering
Peak
detection
LED Warning signs
Photovoltaic power supply
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May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System
Project Definition
Automated system to warn approaching
vehicles that deer are near the highway
System to protect one mile of highway
Efficient and cost-effective
Continue warning until deer have left road
area
Ignore crossroads and driveways
Standalone power supply
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Research
Existing Systems
What
technologies
exist?
Which work best?
Geophones
Signal
strength?
Seismic
frequencies?
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Research
JASON D. WOOD, CAITLIN E. O'CONNELL-RODWELL, SIMON L.
KLEMPERER (2005). Using seismic sensors to detect elephants
and other large mammals: a potential census technique. Journal of
Applied Ecology. 42 (3), 587–594.
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Design
Photovoltaic System
Geophones
Detect vibrations
Deer: ≈25 Hz
Signal Conditioning
Provide standalone power
Amplification
Filtering
Detection/Warning
Peak detection
Flashing LEDs
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Design
Photovoltaic
System
12VDC
Output
3 Days of
Autonomy
Photovoltaic
Panel
Charge
Controller
85 Watts
15 Amps
Battery
12V Deep cycle
75 Amp-hours
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Design
Signal
Conditioning
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Design
Detection and Warning
Signal
Conditioning
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Comparator
Timer
HighIntensity
LEDs
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Implementation
Filtering
Buffer
and Amplification
High-Pass
Passive Filter
3 dB @ 0.079 Hz
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Low-Pass
Active Filter
3 dB @ 50 Hz
2-Stage 300x Gain
Low-Pass
Passive Filter
3 dB @ 29 Hz
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Implementation
Detection and Warning
Considered
using microcontroller
Team lacked programming experience
Opted for analog peak detection
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Testing
Verified:
High-pass
filtering
300x amplification
Edge detection
DC Filter
Geophone
Issues Revealed:
Lack
of selectivity
Range vs. sensitivity
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Resources
Personnel
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Efforts
Other
Resources
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Resources
Financial
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Resources
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Schedule
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Project Evaluation
Subsystem
Motorist
Warning
Signal
Conditioning
Photovoltaic
0%
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20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
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Project Evaluation
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Commercialization
Has Potential for Commercialization
Some
systems are patented
Cost to Consumers
$18,000 per mile
Both sides of road
200 geophones
40% margin
Excluding installation
Questions Remain
Do
these systems reduce number/severity of deervehicle collisions?
Iowa DOT cut funding of similar system
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Recommendations for
Additional Work
Validation
Does
warning drivers reduce accident frequency?
Long-term roadside testing
Additional Functionality
Data
Logging:
Number of deer in given area
System activity vs. driver speed
Diagnostics
Microcontroller-based
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detection
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Lessons Learned
It’s easy to over-research/analyze and
put off making key decisions
Check your batteries
Take no action unless you know that it
will take you closer to your desired
outcome
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Risk Management
Risk
Delay
in acquiring geophone
Design detection circuit without having sensor
Risk Management
Adjustable
gains and thresholds
Kept filter stages flexible
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Closing Summary
Deer-vehicle collisions
Cause
millions of dollars worth of damage
Cause injuries and fatalities
Active warning systems
Have
potential to reduce costs and injuries
Are technically feasible
Effectiveness is still unknown
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Questions?
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