Transcript The Research Paper Process

The Research Paper Process
Mr. Wangelin
English 9
Starting Your Research
• Use the resources of your school and local
libraries in print or online.
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Books
Magazines
Newspaper Articles
Magazine Index
• Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature
• New York Times Index
• Google Scholar
Evaluating Sources
• Examine all sources and determine
usefulness.
• Just because it’s in print/online does not
mean it is useful.
– Anybody can put anything online
– Just because it looks professional doesn’t
mean it is.
Evaluating Sources Cont’d
• Three Source Standards :
– The author is an authority
• Expert in field
• Has been published
– The source is up to date
• The more recent, the better
– The source is respected
• Tabloid vs. Legitimate News
• Blogs
• Wikipedia
• How To Evaluate Web Pages
• http://www.sadlieroxford.com/grammar/writingresearchpaper.cfm?sp=student
Source Cards
• Skim potential sources for the best/most
reliable
• Put information on Note Sheet.
Books
Magazine &
Newspapers
•Author/Editor Name •Author’s Name
•Title
•Title
•Name and Location •Name and date of
of publisher
publication
•Copyright date
•Page #s of article
Encyclopedias
•Author’s name
•Title
•Name
•Copyright date
Source Card for Book
1
Bender, Lionel. Lasers in Action.
New York: Bookwright, 1985.
Madison Library
TA1520.
M38
Source Card for Magazine or
Newspaper
2
Cowley, Geoffrey. “Hanging up the Knife.”
Newsweek 12 Feb. 1990: 83-87
Madison Library
Source Card for Encyclopedia
3
De Maria, Anthony J. “Laser” The World Book
Encyclopedia. 1993 ed.
Madison Library
Source Card for Online Article
4
Wollan, Malia
San Francisco to Toughen a Strict Recycling Law
USA Today. June 10, 2009
New York Times Index
Online
New York Times
(Feb 4, 2010)
Madison Library
What You Need for Proper
Citation
•Author and/or editor names (if available)
•Article name in quotation marks (if applicable)
•Title of the Website, project, or book in italics.
•Any version numbers available, including revisions, posting dates,
volumes, or issue numbers.
•Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date.
•Take note of any page numbers (if available).
•Medium of publication.
•Date you accessed the material.
Taking Notes
• Review sources
• Take notes on your note card with relevant and
detailed information
• Use the following techniques:
– Quotes
• Copy word for word, including punctuation.
• Use quotation marks
– Paraphrase
• Restate the material in your own words
• Obviously include all important information
– Summarize
• In your own words, write down only main ideas.
Taking Notes
• Use a different card for each piece of
information.
– On top, write a brief heading explaining the main idea
of the note.
– In the upper right-hand corner of each note card, write
the number of the corresponding source card.
– At the bottom, indicate whether the material is a
quote, paraphrase, summary, statistic, or your own
idea.
– At the end of the note write the page number the
information came from.
• You will need this for your works cited page
Sample Note Card
4
San Francisco Recycling Statistics
“The city already diverts 72 percent of the 2.1 million tons of
waste its residents produce each year away from landfills and
into recycling and composting programs. The new ordinance
will help the city toward its goal of sending zero waste to
landfills by 2020, said Jared Blumenfeld, director of the city’s
Department of the Environment.” (Online)
Quote
Proper Citation
• If you use someone else’s words you must
cite it.
• Two ways to cite:
– Adding the author’s name in the quote
• Write the quote with the author’s name in the
sentence.
• Write the source in parenthesis after the citation.
• According to James Smith, Wordsworth stated that
Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings" (The History of
Wordsworth).
Proper Citation
• If the author’s name is not stated, put the
author in parenthesis following the citation
– The Collaborative Virtual Workspace
prototype is being used by the Defense
Department for crisis management (Davidson
and Deus).
When to Cite
• Common sense and ethics should determine your need for
documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for
familiar proverbs, well-known quotations or common
knowledge. Remember, this is a rhetorical choice, based
on audience. If you're writing for an expert audience of a
scholarly journal, for example, they'll have different
expectations of what constitutes common knowledge.
– Purdue OWL
• Beware of Plagiarism
• Practice MLA
Research Paper Format
• MLA Format (See Essay Notes)
– Proper heading & header
– 12 pt. Times New Roman
– Double Space
• Minimum 10 Note cards
– 6 + note cards to support topic/thesis
• Works Cited Mandatory
– 3 reputable sources
– Follow proper format
Research Process
• 1 week in the lab
– Jan 27th – Feb 3rd (This is the only time)
– We are not in the lab Jan 30th
• Prewrite is the outline
• Rough Draft
• Peer Edit
– One PE MUST be done by someone in class
– Checklist must be signed
• Final Turned in on time
• 200 points total (100 process + 100 final)
Choosing a Topic
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Select a topic that interests you
Read through background information
Start making a list of key words
Write out your topic as a statement and
select the main concepts
• Start making a list of words to describe
your topic
– From University of California – Santa Cruz
Essay Topic: Careers
• You will choose a career that you may want to
pursue.
• Exceptions
– Athletes
– Entertainers
– Actor/Actress/Model
– Comedian
– Game Show Host
• In other words, your profession must require
college or technical training.
Writing Tips
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Use Career Cruising and US Bureau of Labor and Statistics
Required Information
– Description of your job
• Required training
• Related fields
• What does the average work day/week consist of?
• Salary/Benefits (compare at least 3 states)
– Education
• What courses in high school should you take?
• Find 3 colleges that have your career choice.
– Name of college
– What makes this college special?
– Cost of tuition
– Plan of work (what classes to take)
Outline
• The outline is your pre-write for the
process.
• Outlines help group ideas together
logically and organize your thoughts.
• Formal outline shows:
– The main points of a topic
– The order ideas are to be presented
– The relationships among them.
Types of Outlines
• Two types of outlines:
– Sentence Outline:
• Each main topic and subtopic is written in a
complete sentence.
– Topic Outline
• Uses words or phrases instead of complete
sentences.
• Choose which outline to use but DO NOT MIX
FORMS WITHIN YOUR OUTLINE,
CHOOSE ONLY ONE TYPE!!!!
Correct Outline Form
1. Center the title at the top of the page. Below it,
write your thesis statement, or a shortened
version of it.
2. Use the arrangement of numerals and letters
that you see in the the models.
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Just use the default version in Microsoft Word
3. When a heading is a sub point of the previous
heading, indent its letter or numeral, placing it
directly underneath the first letter in the first
word of the previous heading.
Outline Form Continued
4. Either use two or more subheadings or details
under a heading or don’t use any at all.
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In other words, for every “A” there should be a
“B”, and for every “1” there must be a “2”, etc.
5. In a topic outline, keep items of the same rank
in parallel form.
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For instance, if A is a noun, then B and C should
also be nouns.
The form of subtopics does not need to parallel the
form of main topics
6. Begin each item with a capital letter. Do NOT
use end punctuation in a topic outline!!!
General Observations
• Citations
– You need to cite EVERY piece of research
– Not citing is considered plagiarism
– See slides 14-16
• Works cited page
– Missing -10 points
– Format -5 points
• Format should’ve followed the same persuasive format in
your notes.
REDO
• You may choose to REDO the essay for
FULL CREDIT!!!
• You must include a bulleted list detailing
all of the corrections you made.
– If you Fail to do this, I will not accept your
REDO and your grade will stand.
– REDOs will be due Friday, March 15 and not
a day later.
– On Monday during SSR you can meet with me
to discuss detailed corrections.